From: Gender inequality in early initiation of breastfeeding in Bangladesh: a trend analysis
Percentage of EIBF | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Background Characteristics | Male | Female | Overall | p-value | ||||||
2004 | 2007 | 2011 | 2014 | 2004 | 2007 | 2011 | 2014 | |||
Survey Time | ||||||||||
 2004 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 25.07 |  |
 2007 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 42.67 | < 0.001 |
 2011 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 47.02 |  |
 2014 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 51.24 |  |
Gender of Newborn | ||||||||||
 Male | 25.53 | 43.63 | 47.74 | 49.58 |  |  |  |  | 41.97 | 0.297 |
 Female |  |  |  |  | 24.60 | 41.66 | 46.25 | 52.67 | 41.27 |  |
Maternal Age at Birth | ||||||||||
  < 20 | 25.96 | 46.98 | 49.35 | 48.50 | 26.09 | 40.92 | 48.38 | 56.68 | 42.97 |  |
 20–30 | 25.45 | 41.90 | 47.25 | 50.56 | 24.79 | 43.49 | 46.63 | 50.83 | 41.71 | 0.001 |
 30+ | 25.06 | 44.50 | 46.91 | 49.83 | 21.39 | 36.09 | 40.47 | 52.57 | 38.85 |  |
Area of Residence | ||||||||||
 Urban | 25.62 | 40.48 | 46.17 | 45.03 | 23.91 | 42.91 | 43.21 | 49.42 | 39.85 | < 0.001 |
 Rural | 25.49 | 45.50 | 48.48 | 52.19 | 24.93 | 41.02 | 47.63 | 54.24 | 42.49 |  |
Parent’s Education | ||||||||||
 Both uneducated | 22.19 | 43.99 | 48.44 | 51.28 | 21.49 | 42.11 | 47.42 | 56.00 | 39.85 |  |
 Father/Mother educated | 27.31 | 44.83 | 49.49 | 54.75 | 24.91 | 41.91 | 49.42 | 56.37 | 44.48 | < 0.001 |
 Both educated | 31.40 | 42.22 | 45.64 | 45.65 | 30.91 | 40.75 | 42.48 | 47.21 | 41.82 |  |
Birth Order | ||||||||||
 First | 26.11 | 41.41 | 45.40 | 47.94 | 27.18 | 39.14 | 45.71 | 50.06 | 41.46 |  |
 Second/Third | 26.69 | 44.50 | 50.41 | 51.24 | 25.71 | 43.12 | 47.62 | 53.76 | 43.26 | < 0.001 |
 Forth/Higher | 23.05 | 44.91 | 45.78 | 50.96 | 20.38 | 42.19 | 43.89 | 57.09 | 38.39 |  |
Wanted Index Child | ||||||||||
 Yes | 26.90 | 43.46 | 47.55 | 49.53 | 25.64 | 42.43 | 46.66 | 52.80 | 42.14 | < 0.001 |
 No | 17.84 | 44.56 | 49.04 | 52.97 | 18.86 | 37.43 | 43.79 | 51.57 | 38.39 |  |
Place of Delivery | ||||||||||
 Health Facility | 29.80 | 40.97 | 39.66 | 39.19 | 28.15 | 39.27 | 38.29 | 41.86 | 37.26 | < 0.001 |
 Home | 23.22 | 45.60 | 51.06 | 57.46 | 22.73 | 43.26 | 49.39 | 59.48 | 44.01 |  |
Mode of Delivery | ||||||||||
 Normal | 25.62 | 45.25 | 51.54 | 56.28 | 24.65 | 43.59 | 50.03 | 59.71 | 43.81 | < 0.001 |
 Caesarean | 22.95 | 29.64 | 28.76 | 31.13 | 22.74 | 22.27 | 25.14 | 29.16 | 27.74 |  |
ANC Visits | ||||||||||
 No | 21.11 | 44.53 | 47.36 | 54.17 | 20.77 | 40.16 | 48.03 | 54.50 | 39.27 | < 0.001 |
 Yes | 28.79 | 43.08 | 47.92 | 49.73 | 27.26 | 42.65 | 45.36 | 52.18 | 42.83 |  |
Wealth Index | ||||||||||
 Poor | 21.99 | 44.50 | 48.02 | 53.79 | 18.62 | 42.97 | 47.79 | 55.62 | 41.66 |  |
 Average | 24.13 | 45.51 | 52.97 | 50.71 | 25.38 | 41.89 | 47.71 | 55.74 | 43.51 | 0.013 |
 Rich | 29.88 | 42.08 | 45.00 | 45.78 | 29.73 | 40.31 | 44.06 | 48.31 | 40.74 |  |
Exposure of Media | ||||||||||
 No | 23.35 | 45.53 | 45.57 | 53.62 | 18.34 | 38.67 | 47.14 | 54.33 | 41.70 | 0.898 |
 Yes | 26.51 | 42.54 | 48.86 | 47.76 | 27.25 | 43.36 | 45.78 | 51.75 | 41.61 |  |
Division | ||||||||||
 Barisal | 21.38 | 47.06 | 48.85 | 52.55 | 23.39 | 43.55 | 48.96 | 52.99 | 42.60 |  |
 Chittagong | 22.66 | 34.73 | 46.28 | 41.32 | 19.38 | 33.05 | 42.79 | 51.20 | 36.54 |  |
 Dhaka | 21.89 | 41.77 | 43.98 | 50.12 | 20.81 | 43.63 | 39.65 | 46.28 | 37.66 | < 0.001 |
 Khulna | 24.23 | 45.26 | 42.66 | 41.76 | 24.43 | 44.53 | 39.91 | 45.67 | 37.75 |  |
 Rajshahi | 29.00 | 45.82 | 50.36 | 53.61 | 30.33 | 39.95 | 51.08 | 56.40 | 45.73 |  |
 Sylhet | 37.24 | 50.75 | 52.47 | 58.66 | 32.45 | 51.32 | 53.46 | 61.30 | 50.35 |  |