From: Gender inequality in early initiation of breastfeeding in Bangladesh: a trend analysis
Background Characteristics | BDHS Surveys | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2004 (N = 5145) % | 2007 (N = 4765) % | 2011 (N = 7099) % | 2014 (N = 4370) % | Pooled (N = 21,379) % | |
Initiation of Breastfeeding | |||||
 Early initiation (within 1 h) | 25.07 | 42.67 | 47.02 | 51.24 | 41.63 |
 Late initiation | 74.93 | 57.33 | 52.98 | 48.76 | 58.37 |
Maternal Age at Birth | |||||
<Â 20 | 27.11 | 25.69 | 25.82 | 28.05 | 26.56 |
 20–30 | 57.01 | 57.92 | 60.54 | 59.63 | 58.92 |
 30+ | 15.88 | 16.39 | 13.64 | 12.31 | 14.52 |
Gender of Newborn | |||||
 Male | 50.86 | 51.04 | 51.70 | 51.60 | 51.33 |
 Female | 49.14 | 48.96 | 48.30 | 48.40 | 48.67 |
Area of Residence | |||||
 Urban | 31.39 | 35.66 | 31.40 | 32.31 | 32.60 |
 Rural | 68.61 | 64.34 | 68.60 | 67.69 | 67.40 |
Parent’s Education | |||||
 Both uneducated | 53.13 | 46.28 | 38.79 | 33.08 | 42.74 |
 Father/Mother educated | 22.21 | 23.42 | 25.92 | 26.99 | 24.69 |
 Both educated | 24.66 | 30.30 | 35.29 | 39.93 | 32.57 |
Birth Order | |||||
 First | 28.24 | 31.29 | 34.02 | 40.73 | 33.39 |
 Second/Third | 43.83 | 44.22 | 47.36 | 45.51 | 45.33 |
 Forth/Higher | 27.93 | 24.49 | 18.62 | 13.75 | 21.17 |
Wanted Index Child | |||||
 No | 15.26 | 15.42 | 13.49 | 10.12 | 13.66 |
 Yes | 84.74 | 84.58 | 86.51 | 89.88 | 86.34 |
Place of Delivery | |||||
 Health Facility | 34.79 | 41.28 | 28.71 | 40.07 | 35.30 |
 Home | 65.21 | 58.72 | 71.29 | 59.93 | 64.70 |
Mode of Delivery | |||||
 Normal | 95.06 | 90.26 | 84.04 | 75.69 | 86.37 |
 Caesarean | 4.94 | 9.74 | 15.96 | 24.31 | 13.63 |
ANC Visits | |||||
 No | 41.75 | 37.52 | 33.20 | 21.14 | 33.76 |
 Yes | 58.25 | 62.48 | 66.80 | 78.86 | 66.24 |
Wealth Index | |||||
 Poor | 40.33 | 39.06 | 39.99 | 39.68 | 39.80 |
 Average | 18.39 | 18.45 | 19.19 | 19.22 | 18.84 |
 Rich | 41.28 | 42.50 | 40.82 | 40.82 | 41.36 |
Exposure of Media | |||||
 No | 30.15 | 36.22 | 34.39 | 37.58 | 34.43 |
 Yes | 69.85 | 63.78 | 65.61 | 62.42 | 65.67 |
Division | |||||
 Barisal | 11.64 | 13.39 | 11.55 | 12.01 | 12.08 |
 Chittagong | 20.74 | 19.94 | 19.13 | 19.27 | 19.72 |
 Dhaka | 21.94 | 21.41 | 16.81 | 17.71 | 19.25 |
 Khulna | 13.82 | 12.76 | 12.11 | 11.78 | 12.60 |
 Rajshahi | 20.19 | 16.96 | 26.09 | 24.49 | 22.31 |
 Sylhet | 11.66 | 15.55 | 14.31 | 14.74 | 14.04 |