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  • Editorial
  • Open Access

The CROWN Initiative: journal editors invite researchers to develop core outcomes in women’s health

International Breastfeeding Journal20149:9

https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4358-9-9

©  Khan and Amir; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014

  • Received: 6 June 2014
  • Accepted: 6 June 2014
  • Published:

Abstract

Clinical trials, systematic reviews and guidelines compare beneficial and non-beneficial outcomes following interventions. Often, however, various studies on a particular topic do not address the same outcomes, making it difficult to draw clinically useful conclusions when a group of studies is looked at as a whole. This problem was recently thrown into sharp focus by a systematic review of interventions for preterm birth prevention, which found that among 103 randomised trials, no fewer than 72 different outcomes were reported. There is a growing recognition among clinical researchers that this variability undermines consistent synthesis of the evidence, and that what is needed is an agreed standardised collection of outcomes - a "core outcomes set" - for all trials in a specific clinical area. Recognising that the current inconsistency is a serious hindrance to progress in our specialty, the editors of over 50 journals related to women's health have come together to support The CROWN (CoRe Outcomes in WomeN's health) Initiative.

Keywords

  • Research design/standards
  • Treatment outcome
  • Endpoint determination/standards
  • Clinical trials
  • Systematic reviews
  • Guidelines
  • Bias (Epidemiology)
  • Evidence-based medicine
  • Consensus
Clinical trials, systematic reviews and guidelines compare beneficial and non-beneficial outcomes following interventions. Often, however, various studies on a particular topic do not address the same outcomes, making it difficult to draw clinically useful conclusions when a group of studies is looked at as a whole [1]. This problem was recently thrown into sharp focus by a systematic review of interventions for preterm birth prevention, which found that among 103 randomised trials, no fewer than 72 different outcomes were reported [2]. There is a growing recognition among clinical researchers that this variability undermines consistent synthesis of the evidence, and that what is needed is an agreed standardised collection of outcomes – a “core outcomes set” – for all trials in a specific clinical area [1]. Recognising that the current inconsistency is a serious hindrance to progress in our specialty, the editors of over 50 journals related to women’s health have come together to support The CROWN (CoRe Outcomes in WomeN’s health) Initiative (Figure 1).
Figure 1
Figure 1

Aims of The CROWN Initiative.

Development of consensus is required around a set of well-defined, relevant and feasible outcomes for all trials concerning particular obstetric and gynaecologic health conditions, such as preterm birth, incontinence, infertility and menstrual problems. With so many subspecialties involved, this is no easy task. Duplication of effort can be avoided by working with the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) Initiative, which is working towards core data sets for all medical specialties [3]. Production of trustworthy core outcome sets will require engagement with patients, healthcare professionals, researchers, industry and regulators, and the employment of scientifically robust consensus methods [1]. The data for these core outcome sets, once agreed upon, should be collected in trials and reported in publications as standard practice in the future.

Journal editors now invite researchers to take the lead in beginning this work. What will we do as editors to support them and their colleagues? First, we are drawing wide attention to The CROWN Initiative by publishing this editorial in the journals listed below. We shall ensure that the global research community, which includes our many reviewers, is aware of the need for core outcome sets. Submissions which describe development of core outcome sets, if deemed acceptable after peer review, will be effectively disseminated.

Our collaboration is not for enforcing harmony at the expense of innovation. To quote from the COMET home page (http://www.comet-initiative.org): “The existence or use of a core outcome set does not imply that outcomes in a particular trial should be restricted to those in the relevant core outcome set. Rather, there is an expectation that the core outcomes will be collected and reported, making it easier for the results of trials to be compared, contrasted and combined as appropriate; while researchers continue to explore other outcomes as well.” We also expect that as new or superior ways of capturing outcomes emerge, core outcome sets will themselves need updating.

Producing, disseminating and implementing core outcome sets will ensure that critical and important outcomes with good measurement properties are incorporated and reported. We believe this is the next important step in advancing the usefulness of research, in informing readers, including guideline and policy developers, who are involved in decision-making, and in improving evidence-based practice.

Declarations

Acknowledgements

The CROWN Initiative is grateful to James Duffy (Trainee Scientific Editor, BJOG) and Louisa Waite (Assistant Editor, BJOG) for the drafting, revision and coordination required for the preparation of this article.

The CROWN Initiative includes the following journals, in alphabetical order (correct on 13th May 2014, up to date list available at http://www.bjog.org/view/0/crown-initiative.html):

1. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica

2. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology

3. American Journal of Perinatology

4. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics

5. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

6. Best Practice & Research: Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology

7. Birth: Issues in Perinatal Care

8. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

9. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

10. BMC Women’s Health

11. Climacteric

12. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology

13. Clinics in Perinatology

14. Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group

15. Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group

16. Contraception

17. Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology

18. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology

19. Fertility and Sterility

20. Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy

21. Ginekologia Polska

22. Gynecological Surgery

23. Gynecologic Oncology

24. Gynecologic Oncology Reports

25. Human Fertility

26. Human Reproduction

27. Human Reproduction Update

28. Hypertension in Pregnancy

29. International Journal of Fertility and Sterility

30. International Breastfeeding Journal

31. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics

32. International Urogynecology Journal

33. Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care

34. Journal of Gynecologic Oncology

35. Journal of Lower Genital Tract Disease

36. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health

37. Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

38. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada

39. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing

40. Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing

41. Journal of Perinatal Medicine

42. Maturitas

43. MCN The American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing

44. Menopause Review (Przegląd Menopauzalny)

45. Menopause: The Journal of The North American Menopause Society

46. Neurourology and Urodynamics

47. Obstetrics & Gynecology

48. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology

49. Placenta

50. Prenatal Diagnosis

51. Reproductive Health

52. The Breast Journal

53. The European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care

54. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist (TOG)

55. Twin Research and Human Genetics

56. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology

Note

Reproduced from The Core Outcomes in Women’s Health (CROWN) Initiative with permission from the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Authors’ Affiliations

(1)
BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, London, UK
(2)
Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
(3)
On behalf of: Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia

References

  1. Williamson PR, Altman DG, Blazeby JM, Clarke M, Devane D, Gargon E, Tugwell P: Developing core outcome sets for clinical trials: issues to consider. Trials. 2012, 13: 132-10.1186/1745-6215-13-132.PubMed CentralView ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
  2. Meher S, Alfirevic Z: Choice of primary outcomes in randomised trials and systematic reviews evaluating interventions for preterm birth prevention: a systematic review. BJOG. 2014, doi:10.1111/1471-0528.Google Scholar
  3. Williamson PR, Altman DG, Blazeby JM, Clarke M, Gargon E: The COMET (core outcome measures in effectiveness trials) initiative. Trials. 2011, 12 (Suppl 1): A70-10.1186/1745-6215-12-S1-A70.PubMed CentralView ArticleGoogle Scholar

Copyright

© Khan and Amir; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014

This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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