Table 1 Socio-demographic, maternal and infant characteristics of those exclusively breastfeed for > 120 days and > 150 days (weighted) in the NFHS-4 (N = 22,433) and 5 (N = 23,156) surveys
Variable | Exclusive breastfeeding > 120 days | Exclusive breastfeeding > 150 days | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NFHS-4 Yes (n, %) | NFHS-5 Yes (n, %) | NFHS-4 Yes (n, %) | NFHS-5 Yes (n, %) | ||
Household characteristics | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
Religion | Hindu | 2415 (36.1) | 2996 (44.8) | 1037 (14.6) | 1340 (20.7) |
Muslim | 469 (31.6) | 549 (37.8) | 182 (11.1) | 248 (16.7) | |
Christian | 54 (28.8) | 79 (38.2) | 21 (11.4) | 33 (15.1) | |
Othersa | 104 (45.7) | 87 (45.1) | 39 (17.1) | 35 (18.3) | |
Caste | Scheduled caste | 694 (37.6) | 868 (42.9) | 280 (14.8) | 397 (20.2) |
Scheduled tribe | 405 (42.6) | 451Â (51.4) | 199 (19.7) | 188 (24.2) | |
Other backward class | 1250 (33.3) | 1617 (43.1) | 504 (12.5) | 721 (19.2) | |
Others | 565 (34) | 615 (43.2) | 256 (14) | 256 (18.4) | |
Setting | Rural | 2269 (36) | 2825 (44.2) | 993 (14.9) | 1268 (20.4) |
Urban | 773 (33.9) | 887 (41.4) | 287 (11.6) | 389 (18) | |
Wealth index (quintile) | Highest | 473 (35.1) | 652 (47.5) | 193 (13.4) | 271 (21) |
Higher | 553 (36.2) | 595 (38.6) | 220 (13.3) | 256 (16.1) | |
Middle | 553 (32.6) | 724 (45.1) | 240 (13.1) | 326 (20.4) | |
Lower | 678 (35.3) | 822 (43.2) | 268 (13.4) | 402 (21.6) | |
Lowest | 784 (37.6) | 918 (43.4) | 359 (16.2) | 401 (19.7) | |
Maternal characteristics | |||||
Maternal age (years) | < 20 | 272 (39.9) | 253 (40.8) | 118 (17.1) | 114 (18.3) |
20–24 | 1360 (36) | 1544 (44.3) | 542 (13.7) | 700 (20.7) | |
25–31 | 1167 (34.5) | 1557 (44.2) | 521 (14.1) | 684 (19.7) | |
> 31 | 243 (32.8) | 358 (39.5) | 100 (12.4) | 158 (17.5) | |
Maternal education | Higher | 357 (32.7) | 712 (46.2) | 147 (12.5) | 292 (19.8) |
Secondary | 1518 (36.6) | 1930 (44) | 601 (13.9) | 880 (20.4) | |
Primary | 364 (33.1) | 390 (40.7) | 174 (14.1) | 188 (19.9) | |
No schooling | 803 (35.9) | 679 (41.2) | 358 (14.9) | 297 (18.1) | |
Number of antenatal visits | ≥ 4 | 1586 (37.8) | 2173 (45.9) | 625 (14.2) | 982 (21.8) |
< 4 | 993 (34.2) | 1346 (43) | 456 (14.5) | 585 (18.9) | |
No visits | 439 (34) | 164 (35.8) | 188 (13.5) | 72 (14.9) | |
Mode of delivery | Vaginal birth | 2434 (35) | 2822 (43.5) | 1036 (14) | 1257 (20) |
Caesarean section | 608 (37.2) | 889 (43.3) | 244 (14.1) | 400 (19.1) | |
Place of delivery | Public health facility | 1759 (36.8) | 2421 (45.9) | 714 (14.3) | 1124 (22.2) |
Private health facility | 760 (33.3) | 995 (40.9) | 302 (12.1) | 408 (16.7) | |
Home delivery | 516 (34.4) | 292 (35.8) | 262 (15.9) | 124 (14.5) | |
Infant characteristics | |||||
Gender of infant | Male | 1607 (36.4) | 1875 (42.5) | 712 (15.4) | 860 (19.6) |
Female | 1434 (34.4) | 1836 (44.6) | 568 (12.6) | 796 (20) | |
Birth order | 1 | 1306 (42.2) | 1577 (51.6) | 543 (17.3) | 718 (24.7) |
2 | 951 (31.3) | 1162 (37.9) | 389 (11.8) | 504 (16.6) | |
≥ 3 | 785 (32.1) | 972 (40.4) | 348 (12.8) | 434 (17.9) | |
Birth weight (g) | ≥ 2500 | 2121 (37.2) | 2859 (46.7) | 853 (14.3) | 1263 (21.5) |
2000–2499 | 330 (33.5) | 536 (40.3) | 137 (12.8) | 256 (19.4) | |
< 2000 | 81 (29.6) | 84 (27.1) | 39 (12.7) | 30 (8.5) | |
Breastfeeding initiation after birth | Immediately after birth | 1386 (41) | 1587 (50.3) | 589 (17) | 750 (25.1) |
< 1 h of birth | 797 (38.6) | 1276 (49) | 359 (16) | 549 (22.6) | |
> 1 h of birth | 859 (32.1) | 848 (43) | 333 (11.5) | 357 (18.1) | |