Table 2 Unadjusted models of the factors associated with early initiation of breastfeeding

Nationality

Non-Saudi

11 (9.2%)

18 (4.5%)

2.14 (0.98, 4.66)

0.056415

Saudi

109 (90.8%)

381 (95.5%)

1

REF

Age (years)

25–35

80 (66.7%)

256 (64.1%)

1.26 (0.75, 2.13)

0.37878

< 25

17 (14.2%)

50 (12.5%)

1.37 (0.67, 2.81)

0.38292

> 35

23 (19.2%)

93 (23.3%)

1

REF

Job

Housewife

96 (80.0%)

320 (80.2%)

1.08 (0.61, 1.92)

0.78302

Student

6 (5.0%)

14 (3.5%)

1.55 (0.52, 4.60)

0.43187

Paid job

18 (15.0%)

65 (16.3%)

1

REF

Education

Non-formal

5 (4.2%)

9 (2.3%)

2.15 (0.69, 6.68)

0.18555

Intermediate

11 (9.2%)

26 (6.5%)

1.64 (0.76, 3.52)

0.20691

Postgraduate

0

5 (1.3%)

N/A

N/A

Primary

8 (6.7%)

30 (7.5%)

1.03 (0.45, 2.38)

0.94091

Secondary

42 (35.0%)

120 (30.1%)

1.35 (0.85, 2.15)

0.19739

University

54 (45.0%)

209 (52.4%)

1

REF

Knowledge of early initiation of breastfeeding

Missing data

1 (0.8%)

7 (1.8%)

0.36 (0.04, 2.98)

0.34528

Doesn’t know when to initiate breastfeeding

22 (18.3%)

146 (36.6%)

0.38 (0.23, 0.63)

0.00020

Knows when to initiate breastfeeding

97 (80.8%)

246 (61.7%)

1

REF

Paternal age (years)

20–30

14 (11.7%)

63 (15.8%)

0.33 (0.05, 2.19)

0.25221

30–40

69 (57.5%)

237 (59.4%)

0.44 (0.07, 2.67)

0.36943

40–50

30 (25.0%)

78 (19.6%)

0.58 (0.09, 3.63)

0.55752

50–60

5 (4.2%)

18 (4.5%)

0.42 (0.05, 3.22)

0.40148

> 60

2 (1.7%)

3 (0.8%)

1

REF

Paternal education

Non-formal

4 (3.3%)

9 (2.3%)

1.35 (0.4, 4.54)

0.62907

Intermediate

5 (4.2%)

17 (4.3%)

0.89 (0.32, 2.52)

0.82955

Postgraduate

2 (1.7%)

7 (1.8%)

0.87 (0.18, 4.29)

0.86070

Primary

4 (3.3%)

14 (3.5%)

0.87 (0.27, 2.73)

0.80713

Secondary

45 (37.5%)

170 (42.6%)

0.8 (0.52, 1.25)

0.32763

University

60 (50.0%)

182 (45.6%)

1

REF

Family income

10,000–15,000 SAR [2666-–4000 USD]

49 (40.8%)

149 (37.3%)

0.89 (0.53, 1.5)

0.66586

15,000–20,000 SAR [4000–5333 USD]

5 (4.2%)

32 (8.0%)

0.42 (0.15, 1.18)

0.10148

20,000–30,000 SAR [5333–8000 USD]

0

3 (0.8%)

N/A

N/A

6000-–10,000 SAR [1600–2666 USD]

35 (29.2%)

131 (32.9%)

0.72 (0.42, 1.26)

0.25452

< 6000 SAR [< 1600 USD]

31 (25.8%)

84 (21.1%)

1

REF

Residency

Rural

19 (15.8%)

54 (13.5%)

1.2 (0.68, 2.12)

0.52564

Urban

101 (84.2%)

345 (86.5%)

1

REF

Family support for breastfeeding

Missing data

34 (28.3%)

114 (28.6%)

1 (0.63,1.58)

0.99310

No

8 (6.7%)

24 (6.0%)

1.12 (0.48, 2.58)

0.79868

Yes

78 (65.0%)

261 (65.4%)

1

REF

attended

antenatal visit

No

6 (5.0%)

7 (1.8%)

2.95 (0.97, 8.94)

0.056

Yes

114 (95.0%)

392 (98.3%)

1

REF

Antenatal education about breastfeeding

No

87 (72.5%)

326 (81.7%)

0.59 (0.37, 0.95)

0.029

Yes

33 (27.5%)

73 (18.3%)

1

REF

Parity

Multiparous

97 (80.8%)

301 (75.4%)

1.37 (0.83, 2.28)

0.221

Primiparous

23 (19.2%)

98 (24.6%)

1

REF

Age of the previous child (years)

1–2

36 (30.0%)

86 (21.6%)

1.39 (0.82, 2.33)

0.219

3–5

42 (35.0%)

139 (34.8%)

1

REF

> 5

19 (15.8%)

76 (19.1%)

0.83 (0.45, 1.52)

0.542

No child

23 (19.2%)

98 (24.6%)

0.78 (0.44, 1.37)

0.385

Breastfeeding history (breastfeeding of the previous child)

Missing data

1 (0.8%)

1 (0.3%)

0.97 (0.1, 9.45)

0.979

No

5 (4.2%)

35 (8.8%)

0.42 (0.16, 1.09)

0.075

No child

23 (19.2%)

98 (24.6%)

0.7 (0.42, 1.17)

0.169

Yes

91 (75.8%)

265 (66.4%)

1

REF

Sex of new baby

Female

62 (51.7%)

182 (45.6%)

1.27 (0.85, 1.92)

0.244

Male

58 (48.3%)

217 (54.4%)

1

REF

Skin-to-skin contact after delivery

No

41 (34.2%)

216 (54.1%)

1

REF

Yes

79 (65.8%)

183 (45.9%)

2.27 (1.49, 3.48)

0.0110