Skip to main content

Table 2 Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval of associations between breastfeeding duration up to 12 months of age and functional constipation at 3 years of age

From: Impact of breastfeeding during infancy on functional constipation at 3 years of age: the Japan Environment and Children’s Study

 

Without functional constipation, n

With functional constipation, n (%)

Model 1

Model 2

n = 61,960

n = 8,118 (11.6)

adjusted OR (95%CI)

adjusted OR (95% CI)

Breastfeeding duration

 Never (reference)

1,378

245 (15.1)

1.00

1.00

 Up to 6 months

12,242

1,932 (13.6)

0.92 (0.78, 1.07)

0.92 (0.79, 1.08)

 ≥ 7 months

48,340

5,941 (10.9)

0.75 (0.64, 0.87)

0.76 (0.65, 0.88)

 P for trend

  

< 0.001

< 0.001

  1. Breastfeeding duration up to 12 months of age was defined as the period up to the last month between 1 and 12 months in which mothers checked selections for any breastfeeding, regardless of whether or not infant formula was used in combination
  2. Model 1 was adjusted for demographic and prenatal covariates, including maternal age at delivery, pre-pregnancy body mass index, maternal gestational weight gain, maternal highest age of education, annual household income during pregnancy, marital status, and parity
  3. Model 2 was adjusted for the covariates in model 1 in addition to covariates after birth, including cesarean section at delivery, birth weight, gender, and started solid baby food by 6 months of age
  4. OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
Back to article page

International Breastfeeding Journal

ISSN: 1746-4358