From: Factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding of children under six months of age in Cote d’Ivoire
Variables and modalities | Crude effects | Net effects | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M1 | M2 | M3 | M4 | M5 | M6 | M7 | M8 | M9 | M10 | M11 | M12 | M13 | M14 | ||
Region of residence | * | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** |
East | 0.753ns | 0.503** | 0.497** | 0.478*** | 0.483*** | 0.492** | 0.479*** | 0.485** | 0.476*** | 0.477*** | 0.491** | 0.508** | 0.544** | 0.544** | 0.544** |
West | 0.837ns | 0.625*** | 0.620*** | 0.602*** | 0.628*** | 0.625*** | 0.625*** | 0.622*** | 0.603*** | 0.603*** | 0.638*** | 0.627*** | 0.634*** | 0.647*** | 0.647*** |
Central | 0.926ns | 0.854ns | 0.881ns | 0.800ns | 0.800ns | 0.738ns | 0.724* | 0.728* | 0.733ns | 0.736ns | 0.808ns | 0.812ns | 0.845ns | 0.787ns | 0.787ns |
North | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
South without Abidjan | 1.025ns | 0.950ns | 0.931ns | 0.866ns | 0.860ns | 0.884ns | 0.883ns | 0.892ns | 0.877ns | 0.880ns | 0.935ns | 0.935ns | 0.962ns | 0.931ns | 0.931ns |
City of Abidjan | 1.230ns | 1.122ns | 1.354ns | 1.264ns | 1.279ns | 1.636** | 1.643** | 1.617** | 1.594** | 1.593** | 1.796** | 1.875*** | 2.078*** | 2.002*** | 2.000*** |
Place of residence | ns | ** | ** | ** | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | * | ns | ns | |
Urban | 1.108ns | 0.774** | 0.785** | 0.743 ** | 0.803ns | 0.801ns | 0.790ns | 0.787ns | 0.787ns | 0.783ns | 0.794ns | 0.770* | 0.778ns | 0.778ns | |
Rural | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Mother's ethnicity | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | * | * | ||
Akan | 1.119ns | 1.225ns | 1.419** | 1.497** | 1.418** | 1.439** | 1,49** | 1,493** | 1,487** | 1,470** | 1,498** | 1,561** | 1,560** | ||
Krou | 1.105ns | 1.065ns | 1.23ns | 1.413ns | 1397ns | 1.494ns | 1,561* | 1,572* | 1,614* | 1,614* | 1,657* | 1,658* | 1,657* | ||
Mandé | 1.030ns | 1.043ns | 1.08ns | 1.140ns | 1.123ns | 1.130ns | 1.153ns | 1,154ns | 1,197ns | 1,210ns | 1,229ns | 1,292ns | 1,291ns | ||
Gur | 0.981ns | 1.002ns | 1.068ns | 1.089ns | 1.083ns | 1.069ns | 1.068ns | 1.066ns | 1.053ns | 1.061ns | 1.082ns | 1.067ns | 1.067ns | ||
Foreign/ Other | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
Religion | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | |||
Muslim | Ref | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
Catholic | 0.904ns | 0.824ns | 0.826ns | 0.819ns | 0.815ns | 0.832ns | 0.829ns | 0.849ns | 0.865ns | 0.813ns | 0.836ns | .836ns | |||
Other Christians | 1.028ns | 0.85ns | 0.848ns | 0.857ns | 0.841ns | 0.854ns | 0.851ns | 0.844ns | 0.874ns | 0.848ns | 0.915ns | .914ns | |||
Animist/Other | 0.879ns | 0.742* | 0.755ns | 0.756ns | 0.745* | 0.739* | 0.739* | 0.705* | 0.725* | 0.726* | 0.711* | 0.711* | |||
Household standard of living | ns | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | ||||
Very low | 0.985ns | 1.754** | 1.799** | 1.876*** | 1.844** | 1.839** | 1.583* | 1.550* | 1.473ns | 1.587* | 1.587* | ||||
Low | 1.164ns | 2.197*** | 2.215*** | 2.297*** | 2.246*** | 2.246*** | 2.063*** | 1.991*** | 1.948*** | 2.154*** | 2.153*** | ||||
Medium | 1.089ns | 1.808*** | 1.836*** | 1.873*** | 1.866*** | 1.866*** | 1.765** | 1.731** | 1.753** | 1.849*** | 1.848*** | ||||
High | 1.365** | 2.317*** | 2.382*** | 2.458*** | 2.488*** | 2.490*** | 2.312*** | 2.299*** | 2.248*** | 2.536*** | 2.534*** | ||||
Very high | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
Cohabitation of spouses | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | |||||
With spouse | 0.872ns | 0.845ns | 0.830ns | 0.911ns | 0.912ns | 0.897ns | 0.944ns | 0.946ns | 0.893ns | 0.894ns | |||||
Alone | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Level of education | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ** | ** | ||||||
None | 0.914ns | 0.835ns | 0.874ns | 0.878ns | 0.838ns | 0.808ns | 0.802ns | 0.725* | 0.725* | ||||||
Primary | 0.839ns | 0.695ns | 0.726* | 0.728* | 0.716* | 0.687** | 0.690** | 0.640** | 0.639** | ||||||
Secondary and above | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Age at delivery | ns | ** | ns | ns | * | * | * | * | |||||||
Less than 20 years old | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
20 - 34 years old | 0.863ns | 0.843ns | 0.849ns | 0.850ns | 0.841ns | 0.820ns | 0.797ns | 0.798ns | |||||||
35 years and older | 0.779* | 0.620** | 0.621** | 0.623** | 0.597** | 0.576** | 0.596** | 0.597** | |||||||
Parity | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ||||||||
Low | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
Medium | 0.958ns | 0.965ns | 0.961ns | 0.971ns | 1.003ns | 0.981ns | 0.980ns | ||||||||
High | 0.983ns | 1.005ns | 1.002ns | 1.005ns | 1.009ns | 1.001ns | 1.000ns | ||||||||
Exposure to medical discourse | ns | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | |||||||||
Not exposed | 1.114ns | 1.368ns | 1.354ns | 1.372ns | 1.364ns | 1.364ns | |||||||||
Weakly | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
Strongly | 0.895ns | 0.734*** | 0.740*** | 0.742*** | 0.736*** | 0.736*** | |||||||||
Exposure to the media | ns | ns | ns | * | * | ||||||||||
Not exposed | 0.999ns | 1.225ns | 1.214ns | 1.211ns | 1.210ns | ||||||||||
Moderately | 1.108ns | 1.374** | 1.372** | 1.394** | 1.393** | ||||||||||
More exposed | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
Child’s sex | ** | *** | *** | *** | |||||||||||
Male | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||
Female | 1.179** | 1.451*** | 1.483*** | 1.482*** | |||||||||||
Child's health | ** | *** | *** | ||||||||||||
Sick | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
Not ill | 1.179** | 1.800*** | 1.801*** | ||||||||||||
Desirability of the child | ns | ns | |||||||||||||
Desired | 0.934ns | 0.994ns | |||||||||||||
Not desired | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
Chi2 | 629.774 | 634.479 | 637.318 | 640.782 | 661.850 | 663.284 | 667.816 | 675.322 | 675.413 | 687.308 | 691.892 | 706.557 | 736.969 | 736.972 | |
Pr>Chi2 | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** | *** |