Table 2 Comparison of breastfeeding rates, complications and experience in mothers with type 1 diabetes (DG) and the reference group (RG)
Variables | Diabetes group 0–2 months n = 108 | Reference group 0–2 months n = 104 | DG versus RG 0–2 months (p value) | Diabetes group 2–6 months n = 108 | Reference group 2–6 months n = 99 | DG versus RG 2–6 months p value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Breastfeeding rate * n (%) | 88 (80.7) | 95 (91.3) | 0.0452 | 67 (61.5) | 79 (76.7) | 0.0232 |
Exclusive | 72 (80.0) | 82 (86.3) | 0.3252 | 28 (44.4) | 30 (40.5) | 0.7292 |
Breastfeeding complications n (%) | ||||||
Insufficient milk supply | 35 (36.1) | 28 (29.5) | 0.3592 | 31 (35.2) | 31 (28.6) | 0.5531 |
Oversupply of breast milk | 36 (37.1) | 33 (34.7) | 0.8471 | 20 (22.7) | 17 (16.2) | 0.6511 |
Blocked ducts | ||||||
Once | 10 (10.3) | 12 (12.6) | 0.6562 | 9 (10.2) | 7 (6.7) | 0.6361 |
Twice or more | 4 (4.1) | 11 (11.6) | 0.0632 | 4 (4.5) | 5 (4.8) | 0.5531 |
Cracked nipples | 29 (29.9) | 52 (54.7) | 0.0012 | 10 (11.4) | 6 (5.7) | 0.4941 |
Painful breastfeeding | 34 (35.4) | 54 (56.8) | 0.0091 | 8 (9.1) | 8 (7.6) | 0.5431 |
Breastfeeding experience n (%) | ||||||
Positive | 97 (94.2) | 98 (95.1) | 1.001 | 90 (92.8) | 89 (90.8) | 0.5421 |
Importance of breastfeeding n (%) | n = 101 | n = 104 | 0.2041 | n = 105 | n = 99 | 0.7241 |
Very important /important | 77 (76.2) | 78 (74.3) | 83 (79.8) | 74 (74.7) | ||
Quite important | 21 (20.8) | 19 (18.1) | 21 (20.2) | 20 (20.2) | ||
Not important/ not relevant | 3 (3.0) | 8 (7.6) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (5.1) |