Table 1 Characteristics of the participants by lactation duration group
Characteristic | Breastfeeding for six months | Breastfeeding for less than six months | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
(n = 57) | (n = 73) | ||
At prenatal visits | |||
Age (years) | 32.2 ± 6.0 | 33.6 ± 5.2 | 0.176 |
Pre-pregnancy weight (kg) | 58.0 (50.1–78.0) | 56.6 (52.0–66.0) | 0.201 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 23.9 (20.5–30.2) | 23.7 (21.3–26.9) | 0.743 |
Parity | 0.474 | ||
Primiparous | 27 (47.4) | 30 (41.1) | |
Multiparous | 30 (52.6) | 43 (58.9) | |
Family history of diabetes | 22 (38.6) | 22 (30.1) | 0.312 |
Insulin use during pregnancy | 4 (7.0) | 6 (8.2) | 0.799 |
Gestational weight gain (kg) | 10.3 ± 5.2 | 10.8 ± 5.8 | 0.637 |
At delivery | |||
Weight (kg) | 72.2 (62.8–88.3) | 69.4 (64.4–78.2) | 0.225 |
Gestational age at delivery (weeks) | 38.0 (37.0–38.5) | 38.0 (38.0–39.0) | 0.328 |
Mode of delivery | 0.669 | ||
Vaginal | 31 (54.4) | 41 (56.2) | |
Cesarean | 26 (45.6) | 32 (43.8) | |
At six weeks postpartum | |||
Weight (kg) | 62.0 (53.6–75.6) | 59.0 (53.5–66.1) | 0.341 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.3 (21.0–28.8) | 24.0 (22.3–26.2) | 0.680 |
Weight change from delivery to six weeks postpartum (kg) | −10.2 ± 3.7 | −10.3 ± 2.6 | 0.858 |
WC (cm) | 82.9 ± 10.8 | 82.9 ± 10.5 | 0.989 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 118.0 ± 13.8 | 118.3 ± 10.1 | 0.883 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 72.3 ± 8.6 | 73.0 ± 9.2 | 0.629 |
FPG (mg/dL) | 89.9 ± 6.2 | 87.1 ± 7.5 | 0.027 |
2-h PG (mg/dL) | 112.0 (98.0–142.5) | 121.0 (100.0–145.0) | 0.168 |
TC (mg/dL) | 208.0 (187.5–226.0) | 220.0 (191.5–253.5) | 0.042 |
TG (mg/dL) | 107.0 (83.5–150.0) | 89.0 (65.0–107.0) | < 0.001 |
LDL-C (mg/dL) | 142.0 (118.5–158.0) | 148.0 (116.5–176.5) | 0.163 |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | 55.0 (50.5–64.5) | 66.0 (57.0–77.5) | < 0.001 |
At six months postpartum | |||
Weight (kg) | 61.7 (52.7–76.8) | 58.7 (52.4–67.3) | 0.095 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.5 (21.7–29.6) | 24.1 (21.6–26.1) | 0.293 |
Weight change from delivery to six months postpartum (kg) | −8.7 ± 4.5 | −10.4 ± 4.5 | 0.039 |
WC (cm) | 82.7 ± 11.7 | 80.9 ± 11.3 | 0.386 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 117.0 ± 11.7 | 118.2 ± 9.6 | 0.523 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 71.6 ± 10.2 | 73.6 ± 9.6 | 0.251 |
FPG (mg/dL) | 96.0 (90.5–103.5) | 94.0 (88.0–97.0) | 0.037 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.5 (5.2–5.7) | 5.4 (5.2–5.6) | 0.277 |
TC (mg/dL) | 190.0 (175.0–205.5) | 204.0 (187.0–230.0) | 0.004 |
TG (mg/dL) | 100.0 (73.5–149.0) | 67.0 (54.0–99.5) | < 0.001 |
LDL-C (mg/dL) | 125.0 (110.0–139.5) | 135.0 (116.0–160.5) | 0.035 |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | 52.0 (45.0–63.5) | 65.0 (53.0–77.5) | < 0.001 |