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Table 5 Logistic regression in women with CHD, dependent variable: non-breastfeeding four weeks after birth

From: Breastfeeding in primiparous women with congenital heart disease − a register study

Variable

Univariable logistic regression

Multivariable logistic regression

Initial model, including n = 376 (65%)

Final model, including n = 378 (65%)

Wald

OR

95% CI

p-value

Wald

OR

95% CI

P-value

Wald

OR

95% CI

P-value

Higher age

0.2

1.0

0.9, 1.1

0.63

        

≤12 years of education

2.2

1.9

1.1, 3.3

0.02

1.6

1.5

0.8, 2.8

0.21

    

Living alone

0.3

1.8

0.2, 17.7

0.61

        

Tobacco use in early pregnancy

2.1

2.5

0.7, 8.3

0.144

        

BMI ≥ 30

16.7

4.4

2.2, 8.8

< 0.001

12.2

3.9

1.8, 8.2

< 0.001

15.1

4.3

2.1, 9.0

< 0.001

Self-reported history of psychiatric illness

6.8

2.2

1.2, 3.9

0.009

6.1

2.3

1.2, 4.3

0.013

6.1

2.2

1.2, 4.2

0.014

Hypertension prior to pregnancy

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.99

        

Hypothyroidism

0.0

1.1

0.3, 3.8

0.92

        

Pre-eclampsia

0.1

1.2

0.4, 3.7

0.75

        

Induced labour

4.2

1.8

1.0, 3.2

0.041

3.0

1.8

0.9, 3.3

0.083

    

Vacuum extraction/forceps

0.4

0.7

0.3, 1.7

0.55

        

Caesarean section

11.4

2.7

1.5, 4.7

< 0.001

        

Major postpartum haemorrhage > 1000mL

2.6

1.9

0.9, 4.1

0.106

        

Perineal trauma III & IV

0.4

0.5

0.1, 4.2

0.54

        

Preterm birth

12.8

6.8

2.4, 19.5

< 0.001

12.4

8.0

2.6, 27.4

< 0.001

13.9

8.9

2.8, 27.9

< 0.001

SGA

1.3

1.8

0.7, 5.3

0.25

        

Moderate & severe complexity

0.1

1.1

0.6, 1.9

0.80

        

NYHA class II-III

2.6

3.3

0.8, 14.2

0.108

        

Symptomatic heart disease

0.2

1.3

0.4, 4.1

0.67

        

Cardiovascular medication

2.9

2.2

0.9, 5.5

0.091

3.9

3.0

1.0, 8.6

0.048

    
  1. BMI Body mass index, CHD Congenital heart disease, CI Confidence interval, n Number, NYHA New York Heart Association, OR Odds ratio, SD Standard deviation, SGA Small for gestational age
  2. Univariable and multivariable regression analysis including variables with p-value < 0.1 from univariable logistic regression analysis; Continuous variable: higher age; Nagelkerke R Square 0.15; Bold highlighting denotes p-value < 0.05