Table 2 Background characteristics of women with and without congenital heart disease (CHD)
From: Breastfeeding in primiparous women with congenital heart disease − a register study
Variable | All women n (%) / mean (SD) | Women with CHD n = 578 (100%) | Women without CHD n = 3049 (100%) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age in years | ||||
Mean (SD) | 28.54 (4.6) | 28.85 (4.7) | 28.47 (4.6) | |
Min − max | 18 − 44 | 19 − 44 | 18 − 44 | |
Sociodemographic factors | ||||
Living alone | 79 (2.3) | 12 (2.2) | 67 (2.3) | 0.86¹ |
≤ 12 years of education | 1714 (51.6) | 262 (49.3) | 1452 (52.0) | 0.26 |
Tobacco use in early pregnancy | 168 (4.9) | 19 (3.5) | 149 (5.2) | 0.091 |
Comorbidities | ||||
BMI ≥ 30 | 369 (10.8) | 61 (11.2) | 308 (10.8) | 0.75 |
Hypertension before pregnancy | 12 (0.3) | 3 (0.5) | 9 (0.3) | 0.38¹ |
Diabetes mellitus | 18 (0.5) | 3 (0.5) | 15 (0.5) | 0.92¹ |
Hypothyroidism | 141 (3.9) | 26 (4.5) | 115 (3.8) | 0.41¹ |
Self-reported history of psychiatric illness | 612 (17.5) | 131 (23.7) | 481 (16.3) | < 0.001 |
Obstetric complications | ||||
Pre-eclampsia | 137 (3.8) | 30 (5.2) | 107 (3.5) | 0.052¹ |
Induced labour | 773 (21.3) | 146 (25.3) | 627 (20.6) | 0.011 |
Epidural during labour | 109 (9.2) | 19 (9.8) | 90 (9,1) | 0.74¹ |
Vacuum extraction/forceps | 358 (9.9) | 54 (9.3) | 304 (10.0) | 0.64 |
Caesarean section | 595 (16.4) | 133 (23.0) | 595 (16.4) | < 0.001 |
Preterm birth | 127 (3.5) | 24 (4.2) | 103 (3.4) | 0.35¹ |
SGA | 147 (4.1) | 29 (5.0) | 118 (3.9) | 0.121 |
Major postpartum haemorrhage > 1000 mL | 332 (9.2) | 63 (10.9) | 269 (8.8) | 0.11 |
Factors related to the heart disease | ||||
Complexity of heart lesion | 578 (100) | |||
Mild | 414 (71.5) | |||
Moderate | 151 (26.1) | |||
Severe | 13 (2.2) | |||
NYHA class | 261 (45.2) | |||
I | 217 (94.3) | |||
II | 12 (5.2) | |||
III | 1 (0.4) | |||
Symptomatic heart disease | 36 (11.4) | |||
Cardiovascular medication | 37 (11.9) | |||