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Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the sample under study

From: Association of the presence of a COVID-19 infection at the time of birth and the rates of exclusive breastfeeding upon discharge in BFHI hospitals: a multicenter, prospective cohort study

 

COVID patients

(n = 110)

Comparison group (n = 189)

P-value

Maternal characteristics, (%)

Age in years, median (IQR)

33 (29–36)

35 (31–37)

0.005

Maternal education

  

0.001

No education

0.9

1.1

 

Primary education

16.7

5.0

 

Secondary education

44.2

37.7

 

University education

38.2

56.2

 

Marital status (single)

4.8

4.4

0.87

Breast reduction surgery

1.9

2.7

0.65

Previous children

60.9

55.5

0.36

Previous any BF

88.8

92.1

0.47

Satisfactory previous BF

80.0

83.8

0.55

Duration of previous BF in weeks, median (IQR)

28 (16–79)

32 (20–68)

0.66

Type of feeding desired during pregnancy

  

0.04

EBF

84.1

92.9

 

BF

6.6

2.2

 

FF

9.3

4.9

 

Vaginal birth

74.3

80.4

0.21

Epidural analgesia

89.6

91.9

0.50

Variables related to the newborn

Sex (female)

60.0

50.2

0.10

Gestational age in weeks, median (IQR)

39 (38–40)

39 (38–40)

0.93

Weight in grams, median (IQR)

3230 (3010–3500)

3230 (3010–3560)

0.78

Advanced resuscitation

9.2

5.3

0.19

Variables related to perinatal care

Information on BF in prenatal consultations

71.8

73.7

0.67

Information on BF in the delivery room

89.9

86.2

0.43

Companionship during dilatation

92.4

95.6

0.25

Companionship during the birth

77.1

86.2

0.04

Skin-to-skin contact in the delivery room

89.8

93.1

0.31

Rooming-in

100

99.4

0.44

Assessment of at least one intake during the hospital stay

87.9

93.5

0.25

  1. BF breastfeeding; EBF exclusive breastfeeding; FF formula feeding; IQR interquartile range