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Table 1 Demographic variables of the lactating women (n = 256)

From: Breastmilk cadmium levels and estimated infant exposure: a multicenter study of associated factors in a resource-limited country

Variable

n

%

Age (years)

  < 30

164

64.1

  ≥ 30

92

35.9

Number of children

  ≤ 2

144

56.3

  > 2

112

43.8

Age of child (months)

  < 6

67

26.2

  ≥ 6

189

73.8

Employment status

 Unemployed

238

93.0

 Employed

18

7.0

Smoking status

 Non-smoker

202

78.9

 Smoker

54

21.1

Place of residence

 Rural

135

52.7

 Urban

104

40.6

 Camp of refugees

17

6.6

Living in the vicinity of an industrial area

 Far (more than 500 m)

109

42.6

 Near (within 500 m)

147

57.4

Household monthly income

 Low

175

68.4

 High

81

31.6

Educational status

 School

225

87.9

 University

31

12.1

Living in the vicinity of disposal of wastes

 Far (more than 500 m)

236

92.2

 Near (within 500 m)

20

7.8

Use of cosmetics

 Less frequent (occasionally / rarely)

39

15.2

 More frequent (daily / almost daily)

217

84.8

Use of hair dyes

 Less frequent (never / once in a long while)

230

89.8

 More frequent (usual)

26

10.2

Distance to the closest paints shop

 Far (more than 500 m)

226

88.3

 Near (within 500 m)

30

11.7

Peeling / chipping house paint

 No

208

81.3

 Yes

48

18.8

Use of vitamins

 Less frequent (never / once in a long while)

158

61.7

 More frequent (usual)

98

38.3