Table 3 Logistic regressions of breastfeeding measures and demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. (Data from 2008 to 2018)

Year

 2008–2013 (Ref.)

1.00

1.00

 2014–2018

1.45

1.31

1.60

 < 0.01

1.83

1.71

1.96

 < 0.01

Maternal-based characteristics

 Age at delivery (year)

   < 25 (Ref.)

1.00

1.00

  25–34

1.04

0.92

1.16

0.55

1.00

0.92

1.08

0.99

   ≥ 35

0.89

0.75

1.04

0.15

0.90

0.80

1.01

0.08

 Educational level

  Illiterate or primary school (Ref.)

1.00

1.00

  Secondary school

1.18

1.03

1.35

0.02

1.00

0.91

1.10

0.96

  High school or higher

1.40

1.19

1.63

 < 0.01

0.93

0.83

1.04

0.22

 Residence

  Urban (Ref.)

1.00

1.00

  Rural

1.21

1.10

1.35

 < 0.01

1.12

1.05

1.20

 < 0.01

 Ethnicity

  Han (Ref.)

1.00

1.00

  The other

1.31

1.12

1.52

 < 0.01

0.54

0.49

0.59

 < 0.01

 Parity

  1 (Ref.)

1.00

1.00

   ≥ 2

1.33

1.19

1.48

 < 0.01

1.03

0.96

1.11

0.43

 Household income quartiles

  Quartile 1(Ref.)

1.00

1.00

  Quartile 2

1.01

0.90

1.15

0.83

1.10

1.01

1.19

0.04

  Quartile 3

1.02

0.90

1.16

0.78

0.98

0.90

1.07

0.66

  Quartile 4

0.99

0.86

1.15

0.95

0.97

0.88

1.08

0.63

Healthcare-based characteristics

 Frequency of antenatal visit

   < 5 (Ref.)

1.00

1.00

  5 ~ 7

1.12

0.99

1.27

0.07

0.82

0.75

0.90

 < 0.01

   ≥ 8

1.38

1.21

1.57

 < 0.01

0.61

0.56

0.67

 < 0.01

 Mode of delivery

  Vaginal delivery (Ref.)

1.00

1.00

  Caesarean section

0.70

0.64

0.77

 < 0.01

0.98

0.92

1.05

0.63

 Frequency of postnatal visit in the first 42 days

  0 (Ref.)

1.00

1.00

   ≥ 1

1.20

1.09

1.32

 < 0.01

0.97

0.91

1.04

0.45

Infant-based characteristics

 Sex

  Male (Ref.)

1.00

1.00

  Female

1.00

0.91

1.09

0.94

1.02

0.96

1.09

0.50

 Birth weight (g)

   < 2500 (Ref.)

1.00

1.00

  2500 ~ 4000

2.06

1.73

2.46

 < 0.01

1.32

1.13

1.55

 < 0.01

   > 4000

2.10

1.65

2.68

 < 0.01

1.50

1.24

1.83

 < 0.01