Table 4 Subgroup analysis of women and children exposed to complicated pregnancies
|  | Women with complicated pregnancies who breastfed for at least six months (n = 34) | Women with complicated pregnancies who did not breastfeed for at least six months (n = 35) | Effect Size (MD, 95% CI)^ |
|---|---|---|---|
Anthropometric and hemodynamic variables | |||
 BMI (kg/m2) | 28.4 (7.8) | 33.0 (8.9) | -4.1 (-8.4, 3.6) |
 Fat mass (kg) | 27.6 (16.3) | 40.2 (20.3) | -9.2 (-18.8, 0.4) |
 Waist circumference (cm) | 89.2 (21.5) | 102.8 (23.4) | 12.6 (-25.3, 0.1) |
 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 121.2 (12.1) | 124.5 (15.6) | -8.0 (-14.1, -2) |
 Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 67.7 (9.5) | 72.5 (11.1) | -7.6 (-12.0, -3.1) |
 Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 81.6 (9.8) | 88.3 (14.5) | -8.3 (-13.3, 2.9) |
 Augmentation Index (%) | 52.2 (16.6) | 61 (22.1) | -1.6 (-11.2, 8.0) |
 Central systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 111.2 (12) | 115.4 (14.7) | -7.5 (-13.3, -1.6) |
 Central diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 70.9 (9.5) | 75.3 (11.4) | -7.1 (-11.6, -2.5) |
Pathology results | |||
|  | Women with complicated pregnancies who breastfed for at least six months (n = 13) | Women with complicated pregnancies who did not breastfeed for at least six months (n = 19) | Effect Size (MD, 95% CI)^ |
 Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 4.8 (0.5) | 4.7 (0.5) | -0.155 (-0.5, 0.19) |
 Insulin(mU/L)* | 7.5 (2.1) | 16.5 (10.2) | -8.2 (-15.0, -1.2) |
 HOMA-IR*^ | 1.6 (0.5) | 3.5 (2.2) | -0.17 (-0.5, 0.15) |
 Triglycerides (mmol/L)** | 1.0 (0.5) | 1.6 (0.8) | -0.61 (-1.1, -0.44) |
 HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.3 (0.3) | 1.2 (0.3) | 0.29 (0.03, 0.5) |
 LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.7 (0.5) | 2.7 (0.5) | 0.28 (-0.11, 0.66) |
 Total Cholesterol/HDL ratio | 3.4 (0.8) | 6.2 (7.2) | 2.1 (-3.7, 4.6) |
 Non-HDL Cholesterol | 3.1 (0.6) | 2.5 (0.6) | 0.03 (-0.4, 0.5) |
 Total Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.4 (0.5) | 4.6 (0.6) | 0.29 (-0.3, 0.8) |
 C-Reactive Protein | 3.0 (4) | 3.8 (2.5) | -0.19 (-2.7, 2.4) |
|  | Offspring exposed to pregnancy complication(s) in utero that were breastfed for at least six months (n = 30) | Offspring exposed to uncomplicated pregnancy in utero that were breastfed for at least six months (n = 9) | Effect Size (MD, 95% CI)^ |
 BMI SDS^^ | 58.8 (27.3) | 56.2 (32) | -2.3 (16.9, 12.3) |
 Waist circumference | 52 (2.7) | 50.9 (2.8) | -0.5 (-3.0, 1.9) |
 Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 99.6 (11.0) | 91.9 (24.6) | 10.2 (-3.2, 23.7) |
 Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 58.7 (11.8) | 55.8 (17.5) | 6.6 (-3.8, 17.1) |
 Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 73.1 (14.9) | 67.2 (18.8) | 8.4 (-3.7, 20.6) |
 Augmentation Index (%) | 97.8 (45.9) | 81.9 (28.7) | 15.1 (-13.5, 43.6) |
 Central systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 91.2 (13.1) | 85.2 (21.2) | 4.9 (-8.2, 18.1) |
 Central diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 62.1 (11.8) | 60 (17.8) | 4.7 (-6.2, 15.8) |