Table 1 Descriptive statistics for the full sample and by current feeding group membership
Total | EBF | BF&L | MF | BF&S | NBF | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
785 | 299 (38.1) | 151 (19.2) | 192 (24.5) | 59 (7.5) | 84 (10.7) | |
Infant characteristics | ||||||
Infant age: 0 to < 2 m | 293 (37.3) | 127 (42.5) | 49 (32.5) | 92 (47.9) | 8 (13.6) | 17 (20.2) |
Infant age: 2 to < 4 m | 257 (32.7) | 118 (39.5) | 45 (29.8) | 63 (32.8) | 5 (8.5) | 26 (31.0) |
Infant age: 4 to < 6 m | 235 (29.9) | 54 (18.1) | 57 (37.7) | 37 (19.3) | 46 (78.0) | 41 (48.8) |
Male | 421 (53.6) | 161 (53.8) | 84 (55.6) | 100 (52.1) | 34 (57.6) | 42 (50.0) |
Vaginal birth | 345 (43.9) | 135 (45.2) | 76 (50.3) | 80 (41.7) | 27 (45.8) | 27 (31.2) |
Born premature | 30 (3.8) | 9 (3.0) | 3 (2.0) | 10 (5.2) | 3 (5.1) | 5 (6.0) |
Born low birth weight | 29 (3.7) | 6 (2.0) | 7 (4.6) | 11 (5.7) | 2 (3.4) | 3 (3.6) |
Maternal and family characteristics | ||||||
Maternal age ≤ 27 y | 399 (50.8) | 159 (53.2) | 85 (56.3) | 88 (45.8) | 31 (52.5) | 36 (42.9) |
Maternal age > 27 y | 386 (49.2) | 140 (46.8) | 66 (43.7) | 104 (54.2) | 28 (47.5) | 48 (57.1) |
Maternal education | ||||||
Primary or less | 102 (13.0) | 33 (11.0) | 24 (15.9) | 24 (12.5) | 7 (11.9) | 14 (16.7) |
Secondary | 558 (71.1) | 218 (72.9) | 106 (70.2) | 143 (74.5) | 43 (72.9) | 48 (57.1) |
Tertiary or above | 125 (15.9) | 48 (16.1) | 21 (13.9) | 25 (13.0) | 9 (15.3) | 22 (26.2) |
Mother married from outside village | 363 (46.2) | 142 (47.5) | 75 (49.7) | 87 (45.3) | 27 (45.8) | 32 (38.1) |
Mother migrated previously for work | 609 (77.6) | 235 (78.6) | 115 (76.2) | 144 (75.0) | 50 (84.7) | 65 (77.4) |
Household wealth | ||||||
1st quintile | 154 (19.6) | 63 (21.1) | 34 (22.5) | 35 (18.2) | 9 (15.3) | 13 (15.5) |
2nd quintile | 178 (22.7) | 62 (20.7) | 44 (29.1) | 42 (21.9) | 11 (18.6) | 19 (22.6) |
3rd quintile | 151 (19.2) | 62 (20.7) | 28 (18.5) | 35 (18.2) | 12 (20.3) | 14 (16.7) |
4th quintile | 185 (23.6) | 75 (25.1) | 27 (17.9) | 42 (21.9) | 16 (27.1) | 25 (29.8) |
5th quintile | 117 (14.9) | 37 (12.4) | 18 (11.9) | 38 (19.8) | 11 (18.6) | 13 (15.5) |
Community-level and hospital characteristics | ||||||
County 1 | 171 (21.8) | 68 (22.7) | 41 (27.2) | 36 (18.8) | 9 (15.3) | 17 (20.2) |
County 2 | 181 (23.1) | 62 (20.7) | 27 (17.9) | 55 (28.6) | 16 (27.1) | 21 (25.0) |
County 3 | 200 (25.5) | 80 (26.8) | 26 (17.2) | 51 (26.6) | 17 (28.8) | 26 (31.0) |
County 4 | 233 (29.7) | 89 (29.8) | 57 (37.7) | 50 (26.0) | 17 (28.8) | 20 (23.8) |
Residence in town | 261 (33.2) | 96 (32.1) | 41 (27.2) | 66 (34.4) | 25 (42.4) | 33 (39.3) |
Birthing location | ||||||
Township health center | 102 (13.0) | 37 (12.4) | 29 (19.2) | 22 (11.5) | 7 (11.9) | 7 (8.3) |
County MCH hospital | 269 (34.3) | 110 (36.8) | 60 (39.7) | 60 (31.3) | 16 (27.1) | 23 (27.4) |
County hospital | 229 (29.2) | 86 (28.8) | 33 (21.9) | 60 (31.3) | 25 (42.4) | 25 (29.8) |
City MCH hospital | 43 (5.5) | 16 (5.4) | 3 (2.0) | 11 (5.7) | 4 (6.8) | 9 (10.7) |
City hospital | 136 (17.3) | 50 (16.7) | 23 (15.2) | 38 (19.8) | 7 (11.9) | 18 (21.4) |
Other | 6 (0.8) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (2.0) | 1 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.4) |
Feeding practices in hospital | ||||||
Early breastfeeding initiation | 174 (22.2) | 69 (23.1) | 42 (27.8) | 35 (18.2) | 16 (27.1) | 12 (14.3) |
First fed breastmilk/colostrum | 365 (46.5) | 162 (54.2) | 78 (51.7) | 69 (35.9) | 25 (42.4) | 31 (36.9) |
First fed formula | 265 (33.8) | 89 (29.8) | 46 (30.5) | 76 (39.6) | 18 (30.5) | 36 (42.9) |
First fed water, sugar water or other | 155 (19.7) | 48 (16.1) | 27 (17.9) | 47 (24.5) | 16 (27.1) | 17 (20.2) |
Ever fed colostrum | 689 (87.8) | 274 (91.6) | 134 (88.7) | 168 (87.5) | 55 (93.2) | 58 (69.0) |
Ever fed water | 485 (61.8) | 154 (51.5) | 109 (72.2) | 124 (64.6) | 46 (78.0) | 52 (61.9) |
Ever fed formula | 609 (77.6) | 218 (72.9) | 112 (74.2) | 166 (86.5) | 44 (74.6) | 69 (82.1) |