Table 4 Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding within the first six months in 2008 and 2018 in Jilin Province, China†
2018 | 2008 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. (%) breastfed exclusively within six months | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | No. (%) breastfed exclusively within six months | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | ||
Health services’ characteristics | |||||||
Antenatal visits | |||||||
0–4 | 40 (60.61) | 1 | 1 | 4 (36.36) | 1 | 1 | |
5–8 | 86 (50.89) | 0.67 (0.38, 1.20) | 0.70 (0.38, 1.29) | 8 (27.59) | 0.67 (0.15, 2.91) | 0.88 (0.05, 15.53) | |
9- | 85 (40.87) | 0.45 (0.26, 0.79) | 0.55 (0.29, 1.03) | 2 (28.57) | 0.70 (0.09, 5.43) | 8.51 (0.03, 29.41) | |
Mode of delivery | |||||||
Vaginal | 111 (54.68) | 1 | 1 | 3 (25.00) | 1 | 1 | |
Caesarean section | 100 (41.67) | 0.59 (0.41, 0.86) | 0.65 (0.43, 0.98) | 11 (31.43) | 1.38 (0.31, 6.09) | 0.96 (0.03, 29.04) | |
Place of delivery | |||||||
County- or higher-level hospital | 161 (47.63) | 1 | 1 | 9 (45.00) | 1 | 1 | |
Maternal and Child Health Hospital | 30 (44.78) | 0.89 (0.53, 1.51) | 0.78 (0.44, 1.40) | 3 (16.67) | 0.24 (0.05, 1.12) | 0.13 (0.00, 4.93) | |
Primary hospital / private hospital / home, clinic or other | 20 (52.63) | 1.22 (0.62, 2.39) | 1.31 (0.64, 2.68) | 2 (33.33) | 0.61 (0.09, 4.14) | 0.26 (0.01, 10.93) | |
Early initiation of breastfeeding | |||||||
No | 131 (40.81) | 1 | 1 | 11 (30.56) | 1 | 1 | |
Yes | 80 (65.57) | 2.76 (1.79, 4.27) | 2.65 (1.65, 4.26) | 3 (27.27) | 0.85 (0.19, 3.84) | 1.07 (0.05, 21.70) | |
Postpartum visits | |||||||
0- | 53 (51.46) | 1 | 1 | 8 (36.36) | 1 | 1 | |
1–2 | 102 (45.13) | 0.78 (0.49, 1.24) | 0.87 (0.53, 1.45) | 4 (30.77) | 0.78 (0.18, 3.36) | 0.38 (0.01, 13.18) | |
3- | 56 (49.12) | 0.91 (0.53, 1.55) | 0.84 (0.47, 1.53) | 2 (16.67) | 0.35 (0.06, 2.01) | 0.19 (0.01 ,7.07) | |
Mothers’ characteristics | |||||||
Region | |||||||
Rural | 91 (42.13) | 1 | 1 | 4(25.00) | 1 | 1 | |
Urban | 120 (52.86) | 1.54 (1.06, 2.24) | 1.04 (0.62, 1.75) | 10 (32.26) | 1.43 (0.37, 5.56) | 1.01 (0.00, 210.63) | |
Maternal education | |||||||
Junior school or below | 119 (52.19) | 1 | 1 | 11 (31.43) | 1 | 1 | |
Senior high school | 34 (43.04) | 0.69 (0.41, 1.16) | 0.89 (0.50, 1.58) | 2 (25.00) | 0.73 (0.13, 4.19) | 0.32 (0.00, 64.41) | |
Bachelor degree or above | 58 (42.65) | 0.68 (0.44, 1.04) | 0.84 (0.48, 1.47) | 1 (25.00) | 0.73 (0.07, 7.80) | 0.24 (0.00, 110.48) | |