2018 | 2008 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. (%) Early initiation of breastfeeding | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | No. (%) Early initiation of breastfeeding | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | ||
Health service characteristics | |||||||
Antenatal visits | |||||||
0–4 | 6 (37.50) | 1 | 1 | 22 (30.56) | 1 | 1 | |
5–8 | 18 (26.09) | 0.59 (0.19, 1.85) | 0.75 (0.21, 2.68) | 34 (29.06) | 0.93 (0.49, 1.77) | 0.90 (0.42, 1.93) | |
9- | 29 (24.58) | 0.54 (0.18, 1.62) | 0.83 (0.23, 2.94) | 7 (17.95) | 0.50 (0.19, 1.30) | 1.15 (0.34, 3.87) | |
Mode of delivery | |||||||
Vaginal | 36 (35.64) | 1 | 1 | 31 (33.70) | 1 | 1 | |
Caesarean section | 17 (16.67) | 0.36 (0.19, 0.70) | 0.46 (0.22, 0.96) | 32 (23.53) | 0.61 (0.34, 1.09) | 0.78 (0.37,1.62) | |
Place of delivery | |||||||
County- or higher-level hospital | 35 (22.15) | 1 | 1 | 29 (24.37) | 1 | 1 | |
Maternal and Child Health Hospital | 15 (46.88) | 3.10 (1.41, 6.83) | 3.65 (1.51, 8.45) | 16 (23.19) | 0.94 (0.47, 1.88) | 0.91 (0.42, 1.98) | |
Primary hospital / private hospital / home, clinic or other | 3 (23.08) | 1.05 (0.28, 4.04) | 0.78 (0.18, 3.34) | 9 (39.13) | 2.00 (0.78, 5.09) | 1.31 (0.46, 3.72) | |
Mothers’ characteristics | |||||||
Region | |||||||
Rural | 24 (21.82) | 1 | 1 | 11 (11.83) | 1 | 1 | |
Urban | 29 (31.18) | 1.62 (0.86, 3.05) | 1.80 (0.72, 4.48) | 52 (38.52) | 4.67 (2.28, 9.58) | 5.64 (1.22, 26.14) | |
Maternal education | |||||||
Junior school or below | 25 (27.17) | 1 | 1 | 52 (33.33) | 1 | 1 | |
Senior high school | 9 (21.43) | 0.73 (0.31, 1.74) | 0.85 (0.31, 2.30) | 7 (17.95) | 0.44 (0.18, 1.06) | 2.62 (0.56, 16.32) | |
Bachelor degree or above | 19 (27.54) | 1.02 (0.51, 2.05) | 2.03 (0.73, 5.61) | 4 (12.12) | 0.28 (0.09, 0.83) | 1.68 (0.30, 9.47) |