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Table 3 Determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding in 2008 and 2018 in Jilin Province, China

From: Breastfeeding practices in Northeast China in 2008 and 2018: cross-sectional surveys to explore determinants over a decade

 

2018

 

2008

No. (%) Early initiation of breastfeeding

Crude OR

(95% CI)

Adjusted OR

 (95% CI)

 

No. (%) Early initiation of breastfeeding

Crude OR

(95% CI)

Adjusted OR

 (95% CI)

Health service characteristics

      

Antenatal visits

      

 0–4

6 (37.50)

1

1

 

22 (30.56)

1

1

 5–8

18 (26.09)

0.59 (0.19, 1.85)

0.75 (0.21, 2.68)

 

34 (29.06)

0.93 (0.49, 1.77)

0.90 (0.42, 1.93)

 9-

29 (24.58)

0.54 (0.18, 1.62)

0.83 (0.23, 2.94)

 

7 (17.95)

0.50 (0.19, 1.30)

1.15 (0.34, 3.87)

Mode of delivery

       

 Vaginal

36 (35.64)

1

1

 

31 (33.70)

1

1

 Caesarean section

17 (16.67)

0.36 (0.19, 0.70)

0.46 (0.22, 0.96)

 

32 (23.53)

0.61 (0.34, 1.09)

0.78 (0.37,1.62)

Place of delivery

       

 County- or higher-level hospital

35 (22.15)

1

1

 

29 (24.37)

1

1

 Maternal and Child Health Hospital

15 (46.88)

3.10 (1.41, 6.83)

3.65 (1.51, 8.45)

 

16 (23.19)

0.94 (0.47, 1.88)

0.91 (0.42, 1.98)

 Primary hospital / private hospital / home, clinic or other

3 (23.08)

1.05 (0.28, 4.04)

0.78 (0.18, 3.34)

 

9 (39.13)

2.00 (0.78, 5.09)

1.31 (0.46, 3.72)

Mothers’ characteristics

      

Region

       

 Rural

24 (21.82)

1

1

 

11 (11.83)

1

1

 Urban

29 (31.18)

1.62 (0.86, 3.05)

1.80 (0.72, 4.48)

 

52 (38.52)

4.67 (2.28, 9.58)

5.64 (1.22, 26.14)

Maternal education

       

 Junior school or below

25 (27.17)

1

1

 

52 (33.33)

1

1

 Senior high school

9 (21.43)

0.73 (0.31, 1.74)

0.85 (0.31, 2.30)

 

7 (17.95)

0.44 (0.18, 1.06)

2.62 (0.56, 16.32)

 Bachelor degree or above

19 (27.54)

1.02 (0.51, 2.05)

2.03 (0.73, 5.61)

 

4 (12.12)

0.28 (0.09, 0.83)

1.68 (0.30, 9.47)

  1. Abbreviations: CI Confidence Interval, OR Odds Ratio
  2. Variables controlled in the regression models as covariates: maternal age, ethnicity, occupation, household wealth, self-reported health, parity, child’s sex and birth weight