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Table 2 Reporting of delayed onset of lactogenesis II (DOLII) by women according to selected explanatory factors, pooled sample (N = 156 women with self-reported delayed onset of lactogenesis II)

From: Determinants of delayed onset of lactogenesis II among women who delivered via Cesarean section at a tertiary hospital in China: a prospective cohort study

 

Frequency of women reporting DOLII

Percentage of women reporting DOLII

P-value

Maternal characteristics

 Educational levels (years)

  ≤ 9

25

40.3

0.45

  10 – 15

48

32.7

 

  ≥ 16

83

32.0

 

 Employment status

  Employed

87

32.8

0.79

  Unemployed

69

34.0

 

 Mean monthly household income per person (RMB)

  < 3000

13

28.3

0.42

  3001 – 5000

42

39.6

 

  5001 – 10000

62

32.8

 

  > 10000

39

30.7

 

 Gravidity (times)

  1

61

41.8

0.012

  ≥ 2

95

29.5

 

 Parity

  Multiparous

59

26.6

0.003

  Primiparous

97

39.4

 

 Repeat Cesarean sectiona

  Yes

49

26.9

0.80

  No

10

25

 

 Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg / m2)

  

0.08

  < 18.5

8

21.1

 

  18.5 – 23.9

82

30.9

 

  24.0 – 27.9

47

41.2

 

  ≥ 28

19

37.3

 

 GWGb

  

0.62

  Adequate

54

32.3

 

  Inadequate

11

27.5

 

  Excessive

91

34.9

 

 Hypertension

  Yes

31

43.1

0.06

  No

125

31.6

 

 Diabetes

  Yes

46

32.2

0.72

  No

110

33.8

 

 Thyroid disease

  Yes

25

36.2

0.58

  No

131

32.8

 

 Ovarian theca-lutein cyst

  Yes

5

50.0

0.31

  No

151

33.0

 

 Pregnancy course attendance

  Yes

64

29.0

0.06

  No

92

37.2

 

 Previous insufficient lactationa

  Yes

16

29.6

0.56

  No

43

25.6

 

 Serum albumin (g / L)

  < 35

127

36.2

0.02

  ≥ 35

29

24.8

 

 Hemoglobin (g / L)

  < 110

40

28.6

0.15

  ≥ 110

116

35.4

 

 Infertility treatment

  Yes

30

41.7

0.10

  No

126

31.8

 

 Antenatal corticosteroid treatment

  Yes

28 (17.9)

34.1

0.86

  No

128

33.2

 

 EPDS Score

  ≥ 10

91

42.1

< 0.001

  < 10

65

25.8

 

Labor and delivery characteristics

 Type of Cesarean section

  Emergency

74

38.1

0.06

  Scheduled

82

29.9

 

 Adverse pregnancy outcomesc

  Yes

59

36.9

0.24

  No

97

31.5

 

 Anesthesia type

  

0.70

  Intraspinal

122

33.8

 

  General

34

31.8

 

Infant and breastfeeding characteristics

 Infant gender

  Male

77

31.3

0.33

  Female

79

35.6

 

 Gestational age (weeks)

  < 37

53

37.6

0.20

  ≥ 37

103

31.5

 

 Birthweight (g)

  < 2500

40

43.5

0.02

  ≥ 2500

116

30.9

 

 NICU admission

  Yes

73

39.9

0.02

  No

83

29.1

 
  1. Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, EPDS Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, GWG Gestational weight gain, NICU Neonatal intensive care unit, RMB Renminbi
  2. *P-values are based on the results of the chi-squared test for categorical variables
  3. a Frequencies and proportions are based on the number of multiparous mothers. There were 222 multiparous women in this study, including 59 in the delayed onset of lactogenesis II group and 163 in the normal onset of lactogenesis II group
  4. b Categorized according to the GWG recommended by Chinese nutritional guidelines: inadequate GWG = weight gain of < 11.0, < 13.0, < 8.0, < 7.0, and < 5.0 kg for underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese women, respectively; excessive GWG = weight gain of > 16.0, > 14.0, > 11.0, and > 9.0 kg for underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese women, respectively; adequate GWG = weight gain between the cut-off values for inadequate and excessive GWG
  5. c Adverse pregnancy outcomes include preterm birth (< 37 weeks), macrosomia (> 4000 g), low birthweight (< 2500 g), very low birthweight (< 1500 g), and extremely low birthweight (< 1000 g)
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International Breastfeeding Journal

ISSN: 1746-4358