The association between breastfeeding and childhood obesity/underweight: a population-based birth cohort study with repeated measured data

Li, Weiqin; Yuan, Jiarong; Wang, Leishen; Qiao, Yijuan; Liu, Enqing; Wang, Shuo; Leng, Junhong

doi:10.1186/s13006-022-00522-4

International Breastfeeding Journal

Table 2 Odds ratios (ORs) of childhood obesity from 1 to 6 years of age with infant feeding modalities

From: The association between breastfeeding and childhood obesity/underweight: a population-based birth cohort study with repeated measured data

	No. of Participants	N (%) of obesity	ORs and 95 CIs
	No. of Participants	N (%) of obesity	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
*1 Years old*
Exclusive formula feeding	5934	510 (8.6)	1.00	1.00	1.00
Mixed feeding	35,374	3077 (8.7)	1.02 (0.92, 1.23)	1.01 (0.87, 1.56)	1.07 (0.84, 1.37)
Exclusive breastfeeding	18,256	1570 (8.6)	0.99 (0.89, 1.11)	0.96 (0.83, 1.12)	0.94 (0.72, 1.21)
P_trend			0.702	0.422	0.147
*2 Years old*
Exclusive formula feeding	5934	488 (8.2)	1.00	1.00	1.00
Mixed feeding	35,374	2786 (7.9)	0.95 (0.86, 1.05)	0.92 (0.81, 1.05)	0.93 (0.74, 1.16)
Exclusive breastfeeding	18,256	1389 (7.6)	0.92 (0.82, 1.02)	0.87 (0.75, 1.00)	0.78 (0.61, 0.99)
P_trend			0.108	0.045	0.007
*3 Years old*
Exclusive formula feeding	5934	368 (6.2)	1.00	1.00	1.00
Mixed feeding	35,374	1666 (4.7)	0.75 (0.66, 0.84)	0.70 (0.60, 0.82)	0.62 (0.49, 0.80)
Exclusive breastfeeding	18,256	822 (4.5)	0.71 (0.63, 0.81)	0.67 (0.57, 0.79)	0.57 (0.44, 0.74)
P_trend			< 0.001	< 0.001	0.001
*4 Years old*
Exclusive formula feeding	5934	372 (6.3)	1.00	1.00	1.00
Mixed feeding	35,374	1759 (5.0)	0.78 (0.69, 0.87)	0.78 (0.68, 0.89)	0.79 (0.62, 1.02)
Exclusive breastfeeding	18,256	911 (5.0)	0.78 (0.69, 0.89)	0.79 (0.69, 0.91)	0.78 (0.60, 1.02)
P_trend			0.005	0.026	0.188
*5 Years old*
Exclusive formula feeding	5934	401 (6.8)	1.00	1.00	1.00
Mixed feeding	35,374	2167 (6.1)	0.89 (0.80, 1.00)	0.83 (0.72, 0.97)	0.89 (0.70, 1.13)
Exclusive breastfeeding	18,256	1074 (5.9)	0.86 (0.76, 0.96)	0.76 (0.65, 0.90)	0.74 (0.57, 0.95)
P_trend			0.020	0.002	0.003
*6 Years old*
Exclusive formula feeding	5934	612 (10.3)	1.00	1.00	1.00
Mixed feeding	35,374	3279 (9.3)	0.88 (0.81, 0.97)	0.88 (0.78, 1.00)	0.99 (0.80, 1.22)
Exclusive breastfeeding	18,256	1601 (8.8)	0.83 (0.76, 0.92)	0.82 (0.71, 0.93)	0.83 (0.67, 1.03)
P_trend			0.001	0.004	0.008

Model 1: univariate analysis
Model 2: adjusted for sex, gestational age, birth weight and maternal characteristics (age, education, smoking status, and gestational diabetes in term pregnancy)
Model 3: adjusted for covariates in Model 2 and also for maternal prepregnancy body mass index
Testing trend for differences from exclusive formula feeding to mixed feeding to exclusive breastfeeding in each category

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ISSN: 1746-4358

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