Impact of personal and environmental factors affecting exclusive breastfeeding practices in the first six months during the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand: a mixed-methods approach

Nuampa, Sasitara; Ratinthorn, Ameporn; Patil, Crystal L.; Kuesakul, Kornkanok; Prasong, Sudhathai; Sudphet, Metpapha

doi:10.1186/s13006-022-00515-3

International Breastfeeding Journal

Table 4 Effect of personal and environmental factors on exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of an infant’s life during the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand

From: Impact of personal and environmental factors affecting exclusive breastfeeding practices in the first six months during the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand: a mixed-methods approach

Characteristics	Unadjusted odds ratio	95%CI of OR	p -value	Adjusted odds ratio	95%CI of OR	p -value
Maternal age	1.007	0.971, 1.044	0.697	0.932	0.882, 0.986	0.013*
Marital status
Single	0.267	0.070, 1.012	0.052	0.285	0.059, 1.361	0.116
Married	0.882	0.299, 2.600	0.820	0.787	0.214, 2.897	0.719
Separated/Divorced	-	-	-	-	-	-
Educational status
Primary school	0.262	0.049, 1.405	0.103	0.223	0.028, 1.754	0.154
Secondary school	0.638	0.290, 1.400	0.262	0.454	0.157, 1.312	0.145
Bachelor degree	0.981	0.448, 2.148	0.961	0.780	0.302, 2.011	0.607
≥ Master degree	-	-	-	-	-	-
Work characteristics
Housewife	2.367	1.470, 3.811	0.000*	2.848	1.512, 5.367	0.001*
Work from home/Private	1.936	1.122, 3.342	0.018*	2.071	1.074, 3.995	0.030*
Business	-	-	-	-	-	-
Outside work
Perceived income status
Sufficient	2.319	1.497, 3.592	0.000*	2.502	1.362, 4.594	0.003*
Insufficient	-	-	-	-	-	-
Breastfeeding experience
No	0.622	0.411, 0.942	0.025*	0.716	0.421, 1.219	0.219
Yes	-	-	-	-	-	-
Intended breastfeeding duration	1.158	1.118, 1.200	0.000*	1.162	1.116, 1.210	0.000*
Knowledge about COVID-19	1.042	0.883, 1.230	0.625	0.899	0.730, 1.107	0.315
Anxiety about COVID-19 situation	1.019	0.999, 1.040	0.057	1.000	0.972, 1.030	0.988
Fear about COVID-19	0.973	0.934, 1.014	0.197	1.002	0.940, 1.068	0.958
Attitude toward COVID-19 vaccination	0.995	0.989, 1.001	0.123	0.992	0.983, 1.001	0.096
Intention to receive COVID-19 vaccination	1.047	0.952, 1.151	0.348	1.040	0.923, 1.172	0.517
Family support during COVID-19	1.037	0.998, 1.077	0.060	1.041	0.989, 1.096	0.125
Provider support during COVID-19	1.031	0.995, 1.068	0.093	1.022	0.974, 1.072	0.374

Overall percentage 74.6; Hosmer and Lemeshow Test (p = 0.288); Nagelkerke R² 40% Dependent variables; Achieving 6-month EBF (yes = 1, a reference case), less than 6-month EBF (no = 0, a non-reference case)
^*p-value < 0.05

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