Outcome | Specific measure | Cronbach’s alpha, this study |
---|---|---|
Section 1 | ||
Sociodemographic | Maternal age (years), educational status, monthly family income, income status, work status, family characteristics, maternal leave | N/A |
Reproductive and infant feeding history | parity, pregnancy planning, maternal complications, mode of delivery, infant age (month), breastfeeding intention, previous breastfeeding experience, influential people on breastfeeding practices, infant-feeding patterns, and reasons stopped breastfeeding | N/A |
Section 2 | ||
Fear of COVID-19 Scale [16] | 7 items, 5-point Likert scales ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree), range 7–35, higher scores indicating a high level of fear. Demonstrated reliability and validity [16, 30] | 0.83 |
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) Towards COVID-19 Scale [31] | 12 items (4 aspects: clinical manifestations, transmission routes, prevention, and control of COVID-19), a true-or-false basis with an additional "I don't know" option, range 0–12, higher score denoting a better knowledge of COVID-19. Demonstrated reliability and validity [31] | 0.70 |
The State Anxiety Inventory Form Y-1 (STAI-S) [32] | 20 items, 4-point Likert scales ranging from 1 (almost never) to 4 (almost always), range 20–80, a higher score denoting a high anxiety level. Demonstrated reliability and validity [33] | 0.93 |
Section 3 | ||
COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptability Tools [34] | Part 1: 27 items (24 items about a possible COVID-19 vaccination and added 3 items on BF-related COVID-19), eleven-point scale (0–10) from "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree", range 0–270, higher scores denoting a more positive attitude Part 2: 1 item of vaccination intention, eleven-point scale (0–10) from "very unlikely" to "very likely", range 0–10, higher scores denoting higher intention for COVID-19 vaccination Demonstrated reliability and validity [34] | 0.82 |
The Exclusive Breastfeeding Social Support Scale (EBFSS scale) [35] | 16 items (assessed 3-domains of family support; emotional, informational, and instrumental support), 3-point Likert scales, ranging from 1 (no help at all), 2 (less than you would like), and 3 (as much as you would like), range 16–48, a higher score indicating stronger support for EBF. Demonstrated reliability and validity [35] | 0.90 |
The Health Provider Support in Breastfeeding during COVID-19 (HSBF-COVID scale) [13, 36,37,38,39] | 15 items (assessed 4-domains of healthcare support; emotional, informational, instrumental, and appraisal support), 3-point Likert scales ranging from 1 (no help at all), 2 (less than you would like), and 3 (as much as you would like), range 15–45, higher scores indicating a higher level of health provider support for BF during pandemic | 0.92 |