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Table 3 Questions for future research on breastmilk expression, from PPI contributors, in order of frequency mentioned

From: A report on parent involvement in planning a randomised controlled trial in neonatology and lactation – insights for current and future research

How to increase or maintain milk yield (n = 87; including food, drink, medication, herbal remedies (n = 17), methods focusing on connection to the baby (n = 8) and mechanical methods (n = 23))

How frequently to express (n = 50)

How long to express for at each session/optimal pattern of expressing (n = 30)

How best to relax/feel comfortable or happy while expressing milk (n = 25)

How much milk should be targeted/expected (n = 23)

How best to store breastmilk (n = 11)

The impact of delayed first expression/best timing (n = 10)

How to minimise and manage over-supply (n = 9)

Personalised likelihood of being able to express good volumes of milk (n = 9)

The need for and impact of sterilisation processes for pump equipment (n = 7)

How to reduce the occurrence of blocked milk ducts and mastitis (n = 4)

Personalised expectations for the time for milk to ‘come in’ (lactogenesis II) (n = 4)

The impact of antenatal expressing (n = 3)