Table 5 Heterogeneous effects of postnatal mental health problems on breastfeeding practices (n = 742)
From: Postnatal mental health, breastfeeding beliefs, and breastfeeding practices in rural China
Symptoms of depression | Symptoms of anxiety | Symptoms of stress | |
|---|---|---|---|
Panel A: Maternal education level (reference group: without MH problem & high education level) | |||
(6) with MH problem & low education level | 0.90 (0.49, 1.67) | 0.88 (0.50, 1.59) | 0.526* (0.25, 1.10) |
(7) with MH problem & high education level | 0.80 (0.39, 1.65) | 1.03 (0.54, 1.99) | 1.13 (0.45, 2.86) |
(8) without MH problem & low education level | 0.63** (0.43, 0.91) | 0.65** (0.44, 0.95) | 0.70* (0.49, 1.01) |
(9) p-value of test (6) = (7) | 0.777 | 0.701 | 0.182 |
(10) p-value of test (6) = (8) | 0.213 | 0.261 | 0.418 |
Panel B: Family income (reference group: without MH problem & high family income) | |||
(1) with MH problem & low family income | 1.27 (0.72, 2.25) | 1.35 (0.76, 2.38) | 1.10 (0.56, 2.17) |
(2) with MH problem & high family income | 0.89 (0.40, 1.95) | 1.05 (0.55, 2.00) | 0.48 (0.17, 1.39) |
(3) without MH problem & low family income | 0.98 (0.69, 1.38) | 0.99 (0.69, 1.40) | 0.97 (0.69, 1.36) |
(4) p-value of test (1) = (2) | 0.437 | 0.528 | 0.177 |
(5) p-value of test (1) = (3) | 0350 | 0.267 | 0.710 |
Panel C: Maternal age (reference group: without MH problem & high maternal age) | |||
(11) with MH problem & low maternal age | 1.35 (0.76, 2.38) | 1.50 (0.90, 2.51) | 1.16 (0.60, 2.21) |
(12) with MH problem & high maternal age | 1.11 (0.46, 2.69) | 0.71 (0.26, 1.90) | 0.44 (0.12, 1.68) |
(13) without MH problem & low maternal age | 1.17 (0.82, 1.66) | 1.08 (0.76, 1.53) | 1.13 (0.80, 1.59) |
(14) p-value of test (11) = (12) | 0.698 | 0.157 | 0.187 |
(15) p-value of test (11) = (13) | 0.597 | 0.167 | 0.931 |
Panel D: Paternal education level (reference group: without MH problem & high education level) | |||
(16) with MH problem & low education level | 0.91 (0.46, 1.79) | 1.12 (0.61, 2.04) | 0.64 (0.29, 1.40) |
(17) with MH problem & high education level | 1.31 (0.66, 2.62) | 1.36 (0.70, 2.63) | 1.29 (0.53, 3.16) |
(18) without MH problem & low education level | 1.09 (0.77, 1.54) | 1.06 (0.75, 1.52) | 1.11 (0.79, 1.56) |
(19) p-value of test (16) = (17) | 0.429 | 0.643 | 0.230 |
(20) p-value of test (16) = (18) | 0.594 | 0.878 | 0.163 |
Panel E: Infant age (reference group: without mental health & high infant age) | |||
(21) with MH problem & low infant age | 2.01** (1.09, 3.72) | 2.97*** (1.67, 5.29) | 1.64 (0.78, 3.47) |
(22) with MH problem & high infant age | 1.96** (1.02, 3.77) | 1.16 (0.62, 2.17) | 1.25 (0.56, 2.77) |
(23) without MH problem & low infant age | 2.72*** (1.94, 3.80) | 2.34*** (1.67, 3.29) | 2.52*** (1.82, 3.48) |
(24) p-value of test (21) = (22) | 0.951 | 0.018 | 0.604 |
(25) p-value of test (21) = (23) | 0.329 | 0.416 | 0.256 |