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Table 3 Demographic, anthropometric and socio-economic characteristics of participants in different tertiles of obtained dietary patterns

From: The association of maternal dietary quality and the antioxidant-proxidant balance of human milk

Variables (score)

Healthy pattern

P-value†

Unhealthy pattern

P-value†

Tertile 1 (n = 59)

Tertile 3 (n = 60)

Tertile 1 (n = 51)

Tertile 3 (n = 62)

Mother Age (y)

29.2 ± 5.7

29.3 ± 6.7

0.65a

29.3 ± 5.7

29.4 ± 6.2

0.98a

Mother SBP (mmHg)

105 ± 78

102 ± 14

0.75a

102 ± 78

100 ± 14

0.11a

Type of Delivery (natural), n (%)

37.3%

43.2%

0.22b

42.3%

37.1%

0.31b

Mother BMI (Kg/m2)

23.5 ± 4.2

25.1 ± 4.1

0.10a

23.9 ± 3.2

26.1 ± 4.1

0.14a

Infant Age (day)

139 ± 35.8

139.7 ± 36.4

0.46a

137.6 ± 56.9

147.6 ± 43.6

0.16a

Infant Sex (male), n (%)

33.3%

40.1%

0.36b

44.3%

39.1%

0.87b

Infant Head Circumference (cm)

38.7 ± 23

39.9 ± 34

0.22a

44.0 ± 21

39.7 ± 28

0.10a

Economic status

Less than enough

24.5%

25%

0.58b

53.1%

35.5%

0.11b

Enough

73.5%

73%

0.59b

45.9%

63.5%

0.31b

More than enough

2%

2%

0.91b

1%

1%

0.86b

Parent death

Yes

1%

4%

0.19b

2.1%

7.9%

0.14b

No

99%

96%

0.31b

97.9%

92.1%

0.13b

Parent divorce

Yes

0%

0%

0.12b

0%

2%

0.15b

No

100%

100%

0.10b

100%

98%

0.11b

Father’s education (year)

0–9

27.5%

28%

0.25b

27.5%

14.9%

0.71b

10–12

44.9%

27%

0.09b

39.6%

34.8%

0.54b

> 13

27.6%

45%

0.42b

32.9%

50.4%

0.32b

Mother’s education (year)

0–9

22.4%

25%

0.11b

36.4%

10.9%

0.32b

10–12

44.9%

25%

0.23b

39.6%

19.8%

0.27b

> 13

32.7%

50%

0.11b

24%

69.3%

0.33b

Mothers’ chronic disease history

Yes

6.2%

9.1%

0.27b

11.5%

10.1%

0.52b

No

93.8%

90.9%

0.28b

88.5%

89.9%

0.66b

  1. Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, Data presented as Mean ± SD or frequency (percent)
  2. a p-value from analysis of the variance (ANOVA) for groups comparison
  3. b using chi-square test