Table 1 The main characteristics of children
From: Breastfeeding, nutrition and type 1 diabetes: a case-control study in Izmir, Turkey
Cases | Controls | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
Sex (n = 246) | |||
Female | 63 (53.8%) | 54 (46.2%) | 0.130 |
Male | 57 (44.2%) | 72 (55.8%) | |
Age at enrolment (n = 246) | 10.43 ± 3.31 | 7.48 ± 2.56 | < 0.001 |
Age at diagnosis (cases) | 6.30 ± 4.03 | 7.48 ± 2.56 | 0.006 |
Duration of Type 1 DM (years, n = 120) | 4.16 ± 3.85 | ||
Birth weight (n = 242) | |||
< 2500 g | 15 (12.5%) | 12 (9.8%) | 0.515 |
2500–3999 g | 97 (80.8%) | 105 (86.1%) | |
> 4000 g | 8 (6.6%) | 5 (4.1%) | |
Infection in the first year after birth (n = 241) | |||
Yes | 63 (53.4%) | 55 (46.6%) | 0.222 |
No | 56 (45.5%) | 67 (54.5%) | |
Diarrhea in the first year after birth (n = 189) | |||
Yes | 35 (43.2%) | 38 (35.1%) | 0.262 |
No | 46 (57.8%) | 70 (65.9%) | |
Physical activity (n = 241) | |||
Any | 66 (55.4%) | 89 (73.0%) | 0.014 |
Once or twice a week | 38 (31.9%) | 21 (17.2%) | |
Three or more a week | 15 (12.6%) | 12 (9.8%) | |
Transportation to school (n = 240) | |||
Does not attend school | 11 (9.1%) | 11 (9.1%) | 0.604 |
On foot | 56 (46.3%) | 62 (50.4%) | |
By school bus | 22 (19.0%) | 26 (21.5%) | |
By car / bus | 30 (25.6%) | 22 (18.2%) | |
Residence (n = 243) | |||
Urban | 34 (28.3%) | 54 (43.9%) | 0.011 |
District | 83 (69.1%) | 62 (50.4%) | |
Rural | 3 (2.5%) | 7 (5.7%) | |