From: Recommendations for breastfeeding during Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic
Authors | Study country | Study design | Sample size | Time of mothers’ SARS-CoV-2 positive test | Time points of breast milk collection | RT–PCR test results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bastug et al. [33] | Turkey | Case report | 1 | On the day of delivery | On the day of delivery and the 3rd, 4th day after delivery | 3 positive |
Bertino et al. [19] | Italy | Prospective collaborative observational study | 14 | Several days before or after delivery, 0–12 days before breast milk collection | Several times after delivery | 1 positive |
Buonsenso et al. [34] | Italy | Observational study | 2 | 5, 7 days before delivery, respectively | Mother 1: on the 11th and 14th day after delivery; Mother 2: during the first 5 days after delivery | 3 out of 5 samples from Mother 2 were positive |
Chambers et al. [35] | USA | Case series | 18 | After delivery | A total of 64 milk samples were collected at different time points before and after the positive SARS-CoV-2 test result. | 1 positive collected on the day of symptom onset |
Chen et al. [36] | China | Case series | 6 | Third trimester of pregnancy | After first lactation | All negative |
Chu et al. [20] | China | Case report | 1 | 22 days after delivery | 9 and 10 days after mother’s SARS-CoV-2 positive test | All negative |
Cui et al. [37] | China | Case report | 1 | More than one month after delivery | 2–4 days after mother’s SARS-CoV-2 positive test | All negative |
Dong et al. [38] | China | Case report | 1 | 22 days before delivery | 6 days after delivery | Negative |
Fan et al. [39] | China | Case report | 2 | 4, 5 days before delivery, respectively | After delivery | All negative |
Fenizia et al. [40] | Italy | Prospective multicenter study | 11 | Before delivery | 5 days after delivery | 1 positive |
Gao et al. [22] | China | Ambispective observational clinical analysis | 12 | Before delivery | Within 7 days after delivery | All negative |
Han et al. [41] | Korea | Case report | 1 | After delivery | After mother’s SARS-CoV-2 positive test | Negative |
Hinojosa-Velasco et al. [42] | Mexico | Case report | 1 | On the day of delivery | Collected on the fourth day after delivery | Positive |
Kalafat et al. [43] | Turkey | Case report | 1 | On the day of delivery | After mother’s SARS-CoV-2 positive test | Negative |
Kam et al. [44] | Singapore | Case report | 1 | 6 month after delivery | 10 days after mother’s SARS-CoV-2 positive test | Negative |
Kilic et al. [23] | Turkey | Prospective observational study | 15 | Lactation period | A total of 26 milk samples were collected within 2 days after the mothers’ symptoms began | 4 positive |
Lei et al. [45] | China | Case series | 4 | Several days before or after delivery | After mothers’ SARS-CoV-2 positive test | All negative |
Liu et al. [46] | China | Case series | 10 | During late pregnancy | After first lactation | All negative |
Lugli et al. [24] | Italy | Case report | 1 | 9 days after delivery | Before or after mothers’ SARS-CoV-2 positive test | All positive |
Marin Gabriel et al. [47] | Spain | Observational prospective study | 7 | 6 on the day of delivery; 1 two months before delivery | Within the first hour after delivery | All negative |
Mattar et al. [48] | Singapore | Prospective observational study | 2 | 50, 81 days before delivery, respectively | Colostrum samples | All negative |
Pace et al. [49] | USA | Prospective study | 18 | 6.8 ± 7.8 months after delivery | A total of 37 milk samples were collected after mothers’ SARS-CoV-2 positive test | All negative |
Peng et al. [50] | China | Longitudinal study | 16 | Before delivery | A total of 44 milk samples were collected on the day of delivery, the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, 35th, 42nd, 56th and 70th day after delivery | All negative |
Peng et al. [51] | China | Case report | 1 | One day before delivery | At day 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10 and 14 of delivery | All negative |
Piersigilli et al. [27] | Belgium | Case report | 1 | 7 days after delivery | Before mothers’ SARS-CoV-2 positive test | Negative |
Sharma et al. [52] | India | Ambispective observational study | 23 | Second or third trimester of delivery | After mothers’ SARS-CoV-2 positive test | All negative |
Tam et al. [53] | Australia | Case report | 1 | 8 months after delivery | A total of 7 milk samples were collected between 6 to 16 days after mothers’ SARS-CoV-2 positive test | 2 positive |
Thanigainathan et al. [54] | India | Descriptive study | 30 | Before delivery | Between 48 to 72 h after delivery | 1 positive |
Wang et al. [55] | China | Case report | 1 | On the day of delivery | 36 h after delivery | Negative |
Wu et al. [56] | China | Case series | 3 | The last month of pregnancy | On the 1st, 6th and 27th day after delivery | 1 positive (collected 1st day after delivery) |
Xiong et al. [57] | China | Case report | 1 | 37 days before delivery | At the day of delivery | Negative |
Yu et al. [58] | China | Case report | 1 | More than one year after delivery | On the 2nd, 9th, 16th and 19th day after mothers’ SARS-CoV-2 positive test | All negative |
Zhuang et al. [59] | China | Case report | 1 | 1 day after delivery | On the 5th day after delivery | Negative |