Skip to main content

Table 2 Summary of evidence about SARS-CoV-2 examination in breast milk samples

From: Recommendations for breastfeeding during Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic

Authors

Study country

Study design

Sample size

Time of mothers’ SARS-CoV-2 positive test

Time points of breast milk collection

RT–PCR test results

Bastug et al. [33]

Turkey

Case report

1

On the day of delivery

On the day of delivery and the 3rd, 4th day after delivery

3 positive

Bertino et al. [19]

Italy

Prospective collaborative observational study

14

Several days before or after delivery, 0–12 days before breast milk collection

Several times after delivery

1 positive

Buonsenso et al. [34]

Italy

Observational study

2

5, 7 days before delivery, respectively

Mother 1: on the 11th and 14th day after delivery; Mother 2: during the first 5 days after delivery

3 out of 5 samples from Mother 2 were positive

Chambers et al. [35]

USA

Case series

18

After delivery

A total of 64 milk samples were collected at different time points before and after the positive SARS-CoV-2 test result.

1 positive collected on the day of symptom onset

Chen et al. [36]

China

Case series

6

Third trimester of pregnancy

After first lactation

All negative

Chu et al. [20]

China

Case report

1

22 days after delivery

9 and 10 days after mother’s SARS-CoV-2 positive test

All negative

Cui et al. [37]

China

Case report

1

More than one month after delivery

2–4 days after mother’s SARS-CoV-2 positive test

All negative

Dong et al. [38]

China

Case report

1

22 days before delivery

6 days after delivery

Negative

Fan et al. [39]

China

Case report

2

4, 5 days before delivery, respectively

After delivery

All negative

Fenizia et al. [40]

Italy

Prospective multicenter study

11

Before delivery

5 days after delivery

1 positive

Gao et al. [22]

China

Ambispective observational clinical analysis

12

Before delivery

Within 7 days after delivery

All negative

Han et al. [41]

Korea

Case report

1

After delivery

After mother’s SARS-CoV-2 positive test

Negative

Hinojosa-Velasco et al. [42]

Mexico

Case report

1

On the day of delivery

Collected on the fourth day after delivery

Positive

Kalafat et al. [43]

Turkey

Case report

1

On the day of delivery

After mother’s SARS-CoV-2 positive test

Negative

Kam et al. [44]

Singapore

Case report

1

6 month after delivery

10 days after mother’s SARS-CoV-2 positive test

Negative

Kilic et al. [23]

Turkey

Prospective observational study

15

Lactation period

A total of 26 milk samples were collected within 2 days after the mothers’ symptoms began

4 positive

Lei et al. [45]

China

Case series

4

Several days before or after delivery

After mothers’ SARS-CoV-2 positive test

All negative

Liu et al. [46]

China

Case series

10

During late pregnancy

After first lactation

All negative

Lugli et al. [24]

Italy

Case report

1

9 days after delivery

Before or after mothers’ SARS-CoV-2 positive test

All positive

Marin Gabriel et al. [47]

Spain

Observational prospective study

7

6 on the day of delivery; 1 two months before delivery

Within the first hour after delivery

All negative

Mattar et al. [48]

Singapore

Prospective observational study

2

50, 81 days before delivery, respectively

Colostrum samples

All negative

Pace et al. [49]

USA

Prospective study

18

6.8 ± 7.8 months after delivery

A total of 37 milk samples were collected after mothers’ SARS-CoV-2 positive test

All negative

Peng et al. [50]

China

Longitudinal study

16

Before delivery

A total of 44 milk samples were collected on the day of delivery, the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, 35th, 42nd, 56th and 70th day after delivery

All negative

Peng et al. [51]

China

Case report

1

One day before delivery

At day 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10 and 14 of delivery

All negative

Piersigilli et al. [27]

Belgium

Case report

1

7 days after delivery

Before mothers’ SARS-CoV-2 positive test

Negative

Sharma et al. [52]

India

Ambispective observational study

23

Second or third trimester of delivery

After mothers’ SARS-CoV-2 positive test

All negative

Tam et al. [53]

Australia

Case report

1

8 months after delivery

A total of 7 milk samples were collected between 6 to 16 days after mothers’ SARS-CoV-2 positive test

2 positive

Thanigainathan et al. [54]

India

Descriptive study

30

Before delivery

Between 48 to 72 h after delivery

1 positive

Wang et al. [55]

China

Case report

1

On the day of delivery

36 h after delivery

Negative

Wu et al. [56]

China

Case series

3

The last month of pregnancy

On the 1st, 6th and 27th day after delivery

1 positive (collected 1st day after delivery)

Xiong et al. [57]

China

Case report

1

37 days before delivery

At the day of delivery

Negative

Yu et al. [58]

China

Case report

1

More than one year after delivery

On the 2nd, 9th, 16th and 19th day after mothers’ SARS-CoV-2 positive test

All negative

Zhuang et al. [59]

China

Case report

1

1 day after delivery

On the 5th day after delivery

Negative