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Table 1 Background characteristics of the participating women, by study setting

From: Prevalence of and factors associated with lactational mastitis in eastern and southern Africa: an exploratory analysis of community-based household surveys

 

Ethiopia N (%)

Kenya N (%)

Malawi a N (%)

Tanzania a N (%)

Total sample size

311

205

1,338

1,460

Maternal age

  15–19

11 (3.5)

12 (5.8)

97 (8.1)

109 (6.6)

  20–24

83 (26.8)

40 (19.5)

399 (29.2)

467 (31.2)

  25–29

89 (28.6)

58 (28.3)

340 (24.3)

385 (27.1)

  30–34

69 (22.2)

60 (29.3)

246 (18.5)

261 (18.3)

  35–39

52 (16.7)

26 (12.7)

187 (14.4)

140 (10.3)

  40–44

6 (1.9)

8 (3.9)

53 (4.2)

75 (5.1)

  45–49

1 (0.3)

1 (0.5)

16 (1.3)

23 (1.4)

Time since last live birth

 < 6 months

104 (33.4)

47 (22.9)

238 (17.8)

389 (26.6)

 6 – 24 months

207 (66.6)

158 (77.1)

1100 (82.2)

1071 (73.4)

Highest education level

  Never attended school

210 (67.5)

5 (2.4)

283 (23.4)

410 (29.0)

  Some primary

78 (25.1)

39 (19.0)

360 (28.5)

129 (9.9)

  Completed primary

20 (6.4)

111 (54.1)

474 (33.4)

773 (51.4)

  Some secondary

3 (0.9)

40 (19.5)

217 (14.5)

144 (9.2)

  Higher

0 (0)

10 (4.9)

3 (0.25)

4 (0.4)

Household wealth index quartile

  Poorest

68 (21.9)

41 (20.1)

397 (29.6)

343 (21.9)

  Poorer

117 (37.6)

54 (26.5)

379 (29.5)

373 (22.8)

  Richer

34 (10.9)

50 (24.5)

271 (20.4)

360 (25.9)

  Richest

92 (29.6)

59 (28.9)

288 (20.5)

384 (29.3)

Parity b

  Primiparous

66 (23.0)

40 (20.8)

312 (25.4)

280 (19.4)

  Multiparous

221 (77.0)

152 (79.2)

809 (74.6)

1063 (80.6)

Most recent birth by caesarean section c

  Yes

9 (2.9)

23 (11.2)

107 (6.9)

53 (3.1)

  No

302 (97.1)

182 (88.8)

1229 (93.1)

1407 (96.9)

Counselling on breastfeeding during PNC of newborn

  Yes, immediate (48 h after birth)

74 (23.8)

148 (72.2)

777 (58.1)

670 (45.9)

  Yes, delayed (> 48 h after birth)

28 (9.0)

24 (11.7)

376 (28.1)

361 (24.7)

  Nod

209 (67.2)

33 (16.9)

185 (13.8)

429 (29.4)

Observation of breastfeeding during PNC of newborn

  Yes, immediate (48 h after birth)

66 (21.2)

150 (73.2)

734 (54.9)

684 (46.8)

  Yes, delayed (> 48 h after birth)

28 (9.0)

24 (11.7)

335 (25.0)

351 (24.0)

  Nod

217 (69.8)

31 (15.1)

269 (20.1)

425 (29.1)

Prelacteal feeding

  Yes

14 (4.5)

12 (5.8)

12 (0.9)

31 (2.1)

  No

297 (95.5)

193 (94.1)

1326 (99.1)

1429 (97.9)

  1. Abbreviation: PNC postnatal care
  2. aWeighted frequencies and percentages accounting for different probabilities of household selection in the districts; bParity data missing for 24 women in Ethiopia, 13 in Kenya, 137 in Malawi, and 117 in Tanzania; cCaesarean section data missing for three women in Malawi who did not respond; dIncludes participants who did not receive counselling on/observation of breastfeeding within their PNC and those who did not receive PNC at all
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International Breastfeeding Journal

ISSN: 1746-4358