Table 1 Characteristics of the sample of indigenous children under 2 years of age. National Health and Nutrition Survey, Ecuador, 2012 (n = 625, expanded = 48,069)
From: Breastfeeding, feeding practices and stunting in indigenous Ecuadorians under 2 years of age
0–5 months | 6–11 months & 29 days | 12–23 months & 29 days | Total Sample | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | n (%)b | n (%)c | n (%)d | n (%)e |
Children characteristics | ||||
Sex | ||||
Male | 5245 (39.1) | 4212 (34.8) | 10,688 (47.4) | 20,145 (41.9) |
Female | 8158 (60.9) | 7897 (65.2) | 11,870 (52.6) | 27,925 (58.1) |
Diarrhea, cough, or runny nose on the last 2 weeks | ||||
No | 8114 (61.9) | 6267 (52.8) | 12,538 (56.7) | 26,919 (57.2) |
Yes | 5004 (38.1) | 5600 (47.2) | 9563 (43.3) | 20,167 (42.8) |
Mothers’ characteristics | ||||
Mother´s age (years) | ||||
14–17 | 728 (5.4) | 588 (4.9) | 361 (1.6) | 1678 (3.5) |
18–25 | 6033 (45) | 5174 (42.7) | 10,091 (44.7) | 21,297 (44.3) |
26–35 | 5018 (37.4) | 5309 (43.8) | 8980 (39.8) | 19,307 (40.2) |
Over 35 | 1598 (11.9) | 1039 (8.6) | 3002 (13.3) | 5639 (11.7) |
Mother´s educational levela | ||||
No studies | 779 (5.9) | 1085 (9.1) | 1472 (6.7) | 3336 (7.1) |
Primary | 7862 (59.9) | 5953 (50.2) | 13,706 (62) | 27,520 (58.5) |
High School | 3471 (26.5) | 3951 (33.3) | 6040 (27.3) | 13,462 (28.6) |
University | 1006 (7.7) | 879 (7.4) | 883 (4) | 2768 (5.9) |
Mother´s marital statusa | ||||
Civil union/married | 10,710 (81.6) | 9849 (83) | 19,150 (86.6) | 39,708 (84.3) |
Single | 1078 (8.2) | 1160 (9.8) | 1774 (8) | 4012 (8.5) |
Divorced/separated/widowed | 1330 (10.1) | 858 (7.2) | 1178 (5.3) | 3366 (7.2) |
Number of childrena | ||||
1–3 | 8241 (62.8) | 8666 (73) | 15,731 (71.2) | 32,639 (69.3) |
4–7 | 3925 (29.9) | 2533 (21.3) | 4531 (20.5) | 10,989 (23.3) |
Over 7 | 952 (7.3) | 668 (5.6) | 1839 (8.3) | 3459 (7.4) |
Mother´s height < 147 cm | ||||
> 147 | 8373 (62.6) | 7952 (67) | 11,809 (59.2) | 28,134 (62.3) |
< 147 | 5004 (37.4) | 3923 (33) | 8136 (40.8) | 17,063 (37.7) |
Household characteristics | ||||
Area of residence | ||||
Urban | 4077 (30.5) | 2933 (24.2) | 6671 (29.7) | 13,681 (28.6) |
Rural | 9300 (69.5) | 9176 (75.8) | 15,763 (70.3) | 34,239 (71.5) |
Economic quintile | ||||
5 (richest) | 25 (0.2) | 84 (0.7) | 377 (1.7) | 487 (1) |
4 | 1014 (7.6) | 758 (6.3) | 276 (1.2) | 2048 (4.3) |
3 | 264 (2) | 1686 (13.9) | 3204 (14.2) | 5154 (10.7) |
2 | 3921 (29.3) | 2616 (21.6) | 3415 (15.1) | 9952 (20.7) |
1 (poorest) | 8180 (61) | 6965 (57.5) | 15,285 (67.8) | 30,430 (63.3) |
Home in extreme poverty | ||||
No | 7360 (54.9) | 7823 (64.6) | 12,645 (56.1) | 27,828 (57.9) |
Yes | 6043 (45.1) | 4287 (35.4) | 9912 (43.9) | 20,241 (42.1) |
Human Development Voucher | ||||
No | 8248 (61.7) | 7047 (58.2) | 11,392 (50.8) | 26,687 (55.7) |
Yes | 5129 (38.3) | 5063 (41.8) | 11,042 (49.2) | 21,233 (44.3) |
Dependent variable | ||||
Stunting | ||||
Yes | 1270 (9.5) | 1540 (12.7) | 10,065 (44.6) | 12,875 (26.8) |
No | 12,133 (90.5) | 10,570 (87.3) | 12,492 (55.4) | 35,195 (73.2) |