Promotion of early and exclusive breastfeeding in neonatal care units in rural Rwanda: a pre- and post-intervention study

Table 3 Difference in mortality and length of hospital stay among newborns admitted to Rwinkwavu and Kirehe District Hospital neonatal care units before and after breastfeeding interventions

Variable	Pre-intervention (n = 255)		Post-intervention (n = 793)		Bivariate analysis*
Variable	n	%	n	%	p-value	Degrees of freedom	Test statistic
LOS^a, median [IQR^b]	8	[6, 8]	7	[3, 9]	< 0.001	NA	z = 4.84
Mortality
Yes	41	16.1	83	10.5	0.02	1	5.83
No	214	83.9	710	89.5
Mortality by condition
Preterm					0.13	1	2.31
Died	26	25.5	57	18.5
Discharged alive	76	74.5	251	81.5
LBW^c					0.03	1	4.89
Died	29	23.6	61	15.0
Discharged alive	94	76.4	345	85.0
Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE^d)					0.65	1	0.20
Died	7	24.1	20	28.6
Discharged alive	22	75.9	50	71.4
Neonatal infection					0.28	1	1.15
Died	15	10.6	25	7.6
Discharged alive	126	89.4	303	92.4
Mortality by birthweight
Extremely low birthweight, < 1000 g					0.12	1	2.43
Died	12	92.3	11	68.8
Discharged alive	1	7.7	5	31.3
Very low birthweight, < 1500 g					0.05	1	3.85
Died	6	28.6	26	54.2
Discharged alive	15	71.4	22	45.8
LBW, < 2500 g					0.11	1	2.54
Died	11	11.7	23	6.7
Discharged alive	83	88.3	319	93.3
Normal birthweight ≥ 2500 g					0.20	1	1.64
Died	11	8.7	21	5.5
Discharged alive	115	91.3	359	94.5

^aLength of Stay
^bInterquartile Range
^cLow Birthweight^d Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy
^eExtremely Low Birthweight
^fVery Low Birthweight
^*A z value was reported for the Wilcoxon rank sum test, but no degree of freedom
NA, not applicable

ISSN: 1746-4358