| Ever BF | Breastfeeding initiation | EBF for 4 months | Breastfeeding for 4 months | EBF for 6 months | Breastfeeding for 6 months | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | CI 95% | OR | CI 95% | OR | CI 95% | OR | CI 95% | OR | CI 95% | OR | CI 95% | |
Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||||||||||
Age (ref: < 25) | ||||||||||||
25 − 29.9 | 1.45 | (0.28, 7.54) | 1.42 | (0.59, 3.42) | 0.43 | (0.19, 0.95) | 0.47 | (0.2, 1.11) | 0.91 | (0.27, 3.13) | 0.49 | (0.2, 1.18) |
 ≥ 30 | 2.28 | (0.37, 14.23) | 1 | (0.44, 2.32) | 0.72 | (0.34, 1.56) | 0.78 | (0.32, 1.89) | 2.59 | (0.85, 7.93) | 0.8 | (0.32, 1.98) |
Country (ref: Lebanon) | ||||||||||||
Qatar | 0.77 | (0.18, 3.19) | 6.25 | (2.58, 15.14) | 0.62 | (0.33, 1.17) | 1.19 | (0.61, 2.3) | 1.29 | (0.55, 3.03) | 1.16 | (0.58, 2.32) |
Number of children (excluding this pregnancy) (ref: None) | ||||||||||||
1 or more | 1.47 | (0.32, 6.76) | 2.84 | (1.33, 6.08) | 2.37 | (1.13, 4.97) | 1.97 | (0.96, 4.04) | 1.69 | (0.63, 4.56) | 1.67 | (0.8, 3.49) |
Crowding index (ref: < 1 person / room) | ||||||||||||
 ≥ 1 person / room | 0.13 | (0.02, 1.12) | 4.13 | (1.94, 8.83) | 0.64 | (0.34, 1.22) | 0.62 | (0.32, 1.22) | 1.19 | (0.5, 2.82) | 0.65 | (0.33, 1.32) |
Education (ref: up to high school a) | ||||||||||||
University or higher | 1.21 | (0.26, 5.69) | 0.9 | (0.41, 1.97) | 1.04 | (0.51, 2.14) | 1.1 | (0.52, 2.34) | 0.74 | (0.29, 1.92) | 0.94 | (0.43, 2.02) |
Health-related degree (ref: No) | ||||||||||||
Yes | 1.61 | (0.3, 8.51) | 2.46 | (1.09, 5.55) | 0.63 | (0.29, 1.38) | 0.7 | (0.29, 1.7) | 0.88 | (0.29, 2.67) | 0.9 | (0.36, 2.24) |
Employment (ref: Housewife) | ||||||||||||
Employed / Student | 0.43 | (0.09, 1.98) | 0.4 | (0.19, 0.83) | 0.62 | (0.33, 1.19) | 0.6 | (0.3, 1.17) | 1.22 | (0.51, 2.9) | 0.48 | (0.24, 0.97) |
Related to husband (ref: Yes) | ||||||||||||
No | 0.66 | (0.08, 5.58) | 0.38 | (0.13, 1.17) | 0.96 | (0.42, 2.22) | 0.71 | (0.28, 1.8) | 0.68 | (0.24, 1.96) | 0.6 | (0.23, 1.57) |
Husband's educational level (ref: up to high school) | ||||||||||||
University or higher | 0.75 | (0.15, 3.87) | 0.83 | (0.39, 1.75) | 1.23 | (0.62, 2.45) | 1.56 | (0.77, 3.15) | 1.21 | (0.47, 3.07) | 1.33 | (0.64, 2.78) |
Income (ref: Low, < 1000 US$) | ||||||||||||
Medium, 1000 − 2000 US$ | 1.53 | (0.08, 27.87) | 0.48 | (0.1, 2.28) | 1.03 | (0.27, 3.96) | 0.88 | (0.21, 3.7) | 1.34 | (0.21, 8.47) | 0.74 | (0.17, 3.3) |
High, > 2000 US$ | 0.6 | (0.06, 6.36) | 0.5 | (0.11, 2.17) | 0.78 | (0.23, 2.7) | 1.25 | (0.33, 4.76) | 1.07 | (0.19, 6.03) | 0.93 | (0.23, 3.71) |
Birth outcomes | ||||||||||||
Type of delivery (ref: Cesarean section) | ||||||||||||
Normal / Vaginal | 3.82 | (0.8, 18.26) | 2.91 | (1.39, 6.1) | 1.12 | (0.55, 2.3) | 1.83 | (0.89, 3.8) | 2.37 | (0.8, 6.96) | 1.67 | (0.78, 3.56) |
Occurrence of any complications during delivery (ref: No) | ||||||||||||
yes | 0.49 | (0.1, 2.56) | 1.18 | (0.57, 2.43) | 0.8 | (0.41, 1.6) | 0.5 | (0.24, 1.06) | 0.61 | (0.22, 1.67) | 0.41 | (0.18, 0.9) |
Gestational age classification (ref: Preterm) | ||||||||||||
Full term | 1.6 | (0.18, 14.15) | 2.13 | (0.63, 7.15) | 2.08 | (0.54, 8.04) | 1.03 | (0.3, 3.58) | 0.96 | (0.19, 4.88) | 0.93 | (0.26, 3.41) |
Birth weight classification (ref: Low birth weight / macrosomia) | ||||||||||||
Normal birth weight (2500 − 4000 g) | 2.24 | (0.24, 20.98) | 1.6 | (0.49, 5.19) | 0.68 | (0.22, 2.16) | 0.78 | (0.2, 3.01) | 0.39 | (0.1, 1.58) | 0.77 | (0.19, 3.18) |