Skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding practices in Nigeria: a study of socioeconomic inequalities

Table 1 Summary statistics from 36 States + Federal Capital Territory on exclusive breastfeeding, early initiation of breastfeeding and skin-to-skin contact between mother and newborn; NDHS, 2018

State	Exclusive breastfeeding		Skin-to-skin contact		Early initiation of breastfeeding
State	n	%	n	%	n	%
North Central
Benue	72	65.3	599	20.2	591	64.3
Federal Capital Territory	71	46.5	519	6.7	529	64.7
Kogi	53	18.9	411	8.0	402	78.4
Kwara	54	51.9	466	5.2	456	61.6
Nasarawa	72	48.6	537	13.0	527	23.5
Niger	120	12.5	786	3.7	754	74.9
Plateau	63	46.0	521	1.7	515	52.4
Total estimate	505	39.0	3839	8.4	3774	60.3
P		< 0.001*		< 0.001*		< 0.001*
North East
Adamawa	86	16.3	620	32.7	606	20.3
Bauchi	129	24.8	893	15.1	882	14.0
Borno	67	7.5	670	6.4	663	51.3
Gombe	124	30.7	816	22.9	798	20.7
Taraba	104	30.8	709	2.5	698	11.6
Yobe	101	40.6	766	9.1	734	51.8
Total estimate	611	26.5	4474	14.7	4381	27.7
P		< 0.001*		< 0.001*		< 0.001*
North West
Jigawa	118	9.3	901	37.6	879	11.3
Kaduna	147	19.7	895	6.4	866	34.5
Kano	168	12.5	1247	8.2	1210	40.4
Katsina	146	25.3	929	17.1	914	39.9
Kebbi	96	14.6	824	5.5	794	28.2
Sokoto	104	20.2	703	0.4	672	14.3
Zamfara	128	39.8	804	2.5	790	52.9
Total estimate	907	20.3	6303	11.5	6125	32.5
P		< 0.001*		< 0.001*		< 0.001*
South East
Abia	55	21.8	386	6.5	387	47.8
Anambra	93	34.4	536	9.0	537	39.3
Ebonyi	93	47.3	609	7.6	603
Enugu	49	24.5	360	2.2	349	47.0
Imo	52	15.4	438	2.7	422	47.4
Total estimate	342	31.6	2329	6.0	2298	43.4
P		< 0.001*		< 0.001*		< 0.001*
South South
Akwa-Ibom	49	30.6	377	13.8	365	57.3
Bayelsa	45	35.6	373	67.8	366	96.2
Cross River	36	41.7	307	11.7	301	65.1
Edo	45	37.8	306	7.5	297	63.0
Delta	40	25.0	328	8.5	335	44.8
Rivers	48	33.3	423	9.5	435	52.6
Total estimate	263	33.8	2114	20.4	2099	63.0
P		< 0.001*		< 0.001*		< 0.001*
South West
Ekiti	46	69.6	353	8.8	345	52.2
Lagos	59	59.3	555	8.7	577	57.7
Ogun	42	71.4	364	0.8	359	78.6
Ondo	54	66.7	400	7.3	391	48.1
Osun	39	66.7	371	5.7	366	64.5
Oyo	68	51.5	467	45.4	453	73.3
Total estimate	308	63.0	2510	13.7	2491	62.3
P		< 0.001*		< 0.001*		< 0.001*

ISSN: 1746-4358