Table 2 Univariable and multivariable analysis of characteristics associated with lack of breastfeeding among WLHIV in the Tsepamo Study

Age

13,350

 Under 18

122

1.13 (0.78, 1.65)

0.507

1.02 (0.64, 1.63)

0.942

 18–29

5460

0.90 (0.84, 0.97)

0.007

0.94 (0.86, 1.04)

0.224

 30–39

6722

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 40 and older

1046

1.15 (1.00, 1.32)

0.044

1.17 (1.00, 1.35)

0.043

Marital Status

13,000

 Single

11,682

Ref

Ref

–

–

 Married

1243

0.95 (0.84, 1.07)

0.378

–

–

 Widowed/divorced

75

1.39 (0.86, 2.26)

0.183

–

–

Education

13,149

 Primary and below

1539

0.95 (0.85, 1.06)

0.328

0.98 (0.86, 1.11)

0.739

 Secondary

9957

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Tertiary

1653

0.85 (0.77, 0.95)

0.003

0.83 (0.73, 0.94)

0.004

Occupation

12,872

 Unemployed/student

8133

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Salaried employment

4739

1.07 (0.99, 1.15)

0.08

0.98 (0.90, 1.07)

0.672

Nationality

13,309

 Motswana

12,972

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Other

337

0.76 (0.61, 0.95)

0.014

0.43 (0.33, 0.57)

< 0.001

Delivery Site

13,354

 Primary/district hospitals

6892

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Tertiary hospitals

6462

1.91 (1.78, 2.05)

< 0.001

1.92 (1.77, 2.08)

< 0.001

Attended antenatal visits

13,326

 No

383

1.84 (1.47, 2.32)

< 0.001

1.64 (1.20, 2.23)

0.002

 Yes

12,943

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Documentation of viral load during pregnancy

11,161

 Yes

2865

0.53 (0.49, 0.58)

< 0.001

0.59 (0.54, 0.65)

< 0.001

 No

8296

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

ART status during pregnancy

13,262

 No documentation of ART in pregnancy

489

1.70 (1.39, 2.08)

< 0.001

1.37 (1.03, 1.82)

0.032

 ART initiated prior to pregnancy

8598

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 ART initiated during pregnancy

4175

0.86 (0.80, 0.93)

< 0.001

0.90 (0.81, 1.00)

0.048

Gravida

13,323

 Primigravida

1953

0.85 (0.77, 0.94)

0.001

0.88 (0.77, 1.00)

0.057

 Multigravida

11,370

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref