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Table 4 Household wealth and educational attainment inequalities in exclusive breastfeeding

From: Socioeconomic inequalities in early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding practices in Bangladesh: findings from the 2018 demographic and health survey

Variable

Household wealth quintile

Mother’s education

Concentration index (SE)

P@

Concentration index (SE)

P@

Child characteristics

 Birth order

 

0.892

 

0.802

  1st

0.031 (0.021)

 

0.009 (0.020)

 

  2nd

0.018 (0.024)

 

0.002 (0.022)

 

  3rd

0.001 (0.033)

 

0.002 (0.031)

 

  4th and above

0.020 (0.036)

 

0.041 (0.035)

 

 Sex of child

 

0.336

 

0.640

  Male

0.031 (0.019)

 

0.005 (0.018)

 

  Female

0.006 (0.019)

 

0.017 (0.018)

 

 Place of birth

 

0.529

 

0.581

  Home

0.011 (0.019)

 

0.001 (0.018)

 

  Health facility

0.028 (0.018)

 

0.014 (0.017)

 

 Antenatal care

 

0.747

 

0.440

   < 4 visit

0.017 (0.018)

 

0.003 (0.017)

 

  4+ visit

0.025 (0.019)

 

0.023 (0.018)

 

 Mode of birth

 

0.944

 

0.986

  Vaginal

0.023 (0.016)

 

0.012 (0.015)

 

  Caesarean section

0.021 (0.022)

 

0.011 (0.022)

 

 Preceding birth interval

 

0.011*

 

0.419

   < 2 years

0.152 (0.053)*

 

0.047 (0.053)

 

  2–4 years

−0.034 (0.023)

 

−0.020 (0.022)

 

  4+ years

0.042 (0.027)

 

0.031 (0.025)

 

  First born

0.029 (0.021)

 

0.009 (0.020)

 

 Parity

 

0.442

 

0.657

  1–2

0.028 (0.016)

 

0.008 (0.015)

 

  3–4

−0.008 (0.027)

 

0.005 (0.026)

 

  5+

0.043 (0.061)

 

0.064 (0.057)

 

Mothers sociodemographic characteristics

 Age of mother

 

0.409

 

0.182

  15–24

0.014 (0.017)

 

0.008 (0.016)

 

  25–34

0.022 (0.022)

 

−0.002 (0.021)

 

  35+

0.102 (0.086)

 

0.112 (0.086)

 

 Residential status

 

0.750

 

0.677

  Urban

0.037 (0.024)

 

0.019 (0.023)

 

  Rural

0.028 (0.016)

 

0.007 (0.015)

 

 Age at first birth

 

0.702

 

0.0293

   < 18

0.015 (0.023)

 

−0.020 (0.021)

 

  18–24

0.011 (0.017)

 

0.021 (0.016)

 

  25+

0.058 (0.048)

 

−0.005 (0.044)

 

 Marital status

 

0.410

 

0.476

  Married

0.018 (0.013)

 

0.010 (0.013)

 

  Not married

0.167 (0.180)

 

0.125 (0.176)

 

 Geographical division

 

0.349

 

0.835

  Barisal

0.020 (0.040)

 

−0.006 (0.039)

 

  Chittagong

−0.033 (0.022)

 

−0.007 (0.021)

 

  Dhaka

0.018 (0.046)

 

0.004 (0.044)

 

  Khulna

−0.002 (0.050)

 

−0.025 (0.045)

 

  Mymensingh

0.100 (0.048)*

 

0.011 (0.048)

 

  Rajshahi

0.021 (0.038)

 

0.012 (0.035)

 

  Rangpur

0.051 (0.033)

 

0.067 (0.033)*

 

  Sylhet

0.009 (0.031)

 

0.021 (0.030)

 

Mothers empowerment

 Decision making power

 

0.915

 

0.232

  Low

0.016 (0.020)

 

−0.008 (0.019)

 

  High

0.019 (0.018)

 

0.023 (0.017)

 

 Mother’s enlightenment

 

0.193

 

0.692

  Low

0.017 (0.020)

 

0.022 (0.020)

 

  Medium

0.009 (0.020)

 

−0.001 (0.019)

 

  High

0.079 (0.032)*

 

0.014 (0.031)

 

  Wife beating

 

0.351

 

0.556

  Low

0.024 (0.014)

 

0.006 (0.014)

 

  High

−0.008 (0.032)

 

0.025 (0.030)

 

 Neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage

 

0.332

 

0.621

  Low

0.002 (0.021)

 

−0.001 (0.021)

 

  Medium

0.044 (0.024)

 

0.027 (0.023)

 

  High

0.007 (0.022)

 

0.003 (0.022)

 

Total estimates

0.019 (0.013)

 

0.010 (0.013)

 
  1. *Significant at p < 0.05
  2. SE Standard error
  3. P@ = p-value comparing indices across the levels of a variable