Table 1 Distribution of early initiation of breastfeeding among women of reproductive age in Bangladesh
Variable | n (%) | Early initiation of breastfeeding (%) | Early initiation of breastfeeding (%) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Household wealth quintile | Mother’s educational attainment | ||||||||||
Poorest | Poorer | Middle | Richer | Richest | No formal education | Primary | Secondary | Higher | |||
Child characteristics/Mother’s pregnancy care | |||||||||||
 Birth order | |||||||||||
  1st | 1890 (38.2) | 56.8 | 63.4 | 66.3 | 56.3 | 50.6 | 50.5 | 53.9 | 62.6 | 58.1 | 51.1 |
  2nd | 1620 (32.7) | 60.7 | 66.0 | 65.0 | 58.8 | 58.3 | 55.8 | 62.3 | 65.4 | 61.0 | 51.4 |
  3rd | 847 (17.1) | 64.8 | 72.3 | 69.8 | 57.0 | 60.4 | 59.7 | 69.1 | 64.9 | 64.3 | 62.9 |
  4th and above | 593 (12.0) | 68.3 | 72.1 | 65.2 | 67.7 | 68.4 | 61.5 | 67.2 | 67.8 | 70.3 | 64.7 |
 Sex of child | |||||||||||
  Male | 2596 (52.3) | 60.6 | 67.7 | 67.3 | 57.7 | 54.9 | 54.5 | 62.0 | 65.8 | 61.0 | 51.5 |
  Female | 2354 (47.7) | 61.0 | 67.9 | 65.3 | 59.3 | 57.7 | 54.3 | 66.9 | 64.2 | 61.2 | 53.3 |
 Place of birth | |||||||||||
  Home | 2455 (49.6) | 70.7 | 72.9 | 72.3 | 67.3 | 66.9 | 72.1 | 67.7 | 70.9 | 71.4 | 69.8 |
  Health facility | 2495 (50.4) | 51.1 | 52.9 | 56.4 | 49.4 | 49.3 | 50.1 | 54.6 | 52.5 | 52.1 | 47.9 |
 Antenatal care | |||||||||||
   < 4 visit | 2566 (51.8) | 63.7 | 66.8 | 68.4 | 57.9 | 61.3 | 59.2 | 64.5 | 65.5 | 63.8 | 56.7 |
  4+ visit | 2384 (48.2) | 57.7 | 70.0 | 63.0 | 59.1 | 52.1 | 52.5 | 63.9 | 64.2 | 58.6 | 50.6 |
 Mode of birth | |||||||||||
  Vaginal | 3291 (66.6) | 70.1 | 72.2 | 72.1 | 66.2 | 67.6 | 71.4 | 67.3 | 71.1 | 70.4 | 68.0 |
  Caesarean section | 1654 (33.4) | 42.4 | 37.5 | 46.0 | 41.9 | 38.3 | 44.8 | 49.0 | 37.3 | 43.3 | 42.7 |
 Preceding birth interval | |||||||||||
   < 2 years | 309 (6.2) | 66.3 | 64.1 | 71.6 | 68.8 | 63.9 | 63.4 | 71.9 | 67.7 | 64.8 | 63.9 |
  2–4 years | 1330 (26.9) | 63.0 | 70.5 | 65.1 | 61.5 | 60.2 | 53.9 | 65.1 | 64.2 | 65.3 | 50.9 |
  4+ years | 1406 (28.4) | 63.3 | 70.6 | 67.4 | 57.5 | 60.1 | 59.7 | 66.4 | 67.6 | 61.3 | 56.3 |
  First born | 1905 (38.5) | 56.5 | 63.0 | 67.4 | 56.0 | 50.7 | 50.5 | 53.9 | 62.1 | 57.8 | 51.2 |
 Parity | |||||||||||
  1–2 | 3510 (70.9) | 58.6 | 64.7 | 65.7 | 57.4 | 53.9 | 52.9 | 58.4 | 64.1 | 59.5 | 51.2 |
  3–4 | 1199 (24.2) | 65.6 | 71.1 | 68.5 | 61.8 | 62.1 | 59.8 | 66.1 | 65.4 | 66.0 | 62.8 |
  5+ | 241 (4.9) | 69.7 | 75.7 | 64.9 | 58.1 | 71.1 | 66.7 | 70.7 | 69.8 | 67.4 | 100.0 |
Mothers sociodemographic characteristics | |||||||||||
 Age of mother | |||||||||||
  15–24 | 2615 (52.8) | 59.5 | 65.5 | 66.4 | 58.5 | 53.5 | 51.8 | 59.4 | 64.4 | 60.6 | 50.1 |
  25–34 | 2030 (41.0) | 62.3 | 69.4 | 66.7 | 59.3 | 60.4 | 56.0 | 66.0 | 66.6 | 61.6 | 55.4 |
  35+ | 305 (6.2) | 62.0 | 76.2 | 64.1 | 52.0 | 54.9 | 59.7 | 68.2 | 60.7 | 64.5 | 52.9 |
 Residential status | |||||||||||
  Urban | 1700 (34.3) | 59.4 | 71.4 | 67.1 | 59.8 | 56.8 | 56.1 | 65.0 | 63.6 | 60.6 | 52.0 |
  Rural | 3250 (65.7) | 61.6 | 67.0 | 66.2 | 57.9 | 56.0 | 50.7 | 64.1 | 65.7 | 61.3 | 52.7 |
 Age at first birth | |||||||||||
   < 18 | 2007 (40.5) | 63.6 | 69.7 | 67.8 | 59.5 | 56.6 | 57.5 | 63.9 | 67.4 | 62.6 | 48.0 |
  18–24 | 2663 (53.8) | 52.7 | 65.7 | 64.5 | 58.5 | 56.7 | 54.5 | 66.2 | 62.6 | 60.6 | 53.2 |
  25+ | 280 (5.7) | 52.1 | 58.8 | 73.1 | 48.8 | 50.9 | 48.9 | 50.0 | 61.8 | 48.5 | 51.8 |
 Marital status | |||||||||||
  Married | 4886 (98.7) | 60.8 | 67.8 | 66.3 | 58.6 | 56.2 | 54.6 | 64.1 | 65.2 | 61.1 | 52.5 |
  Not married | 64 (1.3) | 59.4 | 66.7 | 68.4 | 50.0 | 71.4 | 41.7 | 75.0 | 55.0 | 63.3 | 33.3 |
 Geographical division | |||||||||||
  Barisal | 528 (10.7) | 63.1 | 63.5 | 69.4 | 59.4 | 58.3 | 62.0 | 64.3 | 66.7 | 64.7 | 53.5 |
  Chittagong | 824 (16.7) | 55.0 | 74.7 | 56.4 | 52.1 | 52.8 | 45.5 | 59.2 | 60.3 | 54.8 | 47.3 |
  Dhaka | 728 (14.7) | 63.1 | 73.3 | 65.9 | 59.7 | 57.9 | 64.9 | 57.1 | 66.0 | 64.2 | 58.8 |
  Khulna | 517 (10.4) | 50.7 | 56.3 | 68.8 | 41.5 | 45.8 | 44.3 | 26.7 | 60.4 | 50.8 | 43.9 |
  Mymensingh | 599 (12.1) | 64.1 | 67.7 | 64.4 | 68.9 | 57.0 | 55.9 | 62.5 | 63.1 | 67.8 | 57.1 |
  Rajshahi | 520 (10.5) | 59.6 | 56.5 | 62.7 | 62.5 | 56.5 | 58.7 | 57.1 | 66.9 | 58.8 | 52.6 |
  Rangpur | 553 (11.2) | 64.9 | 70.2 | 69.7 | 61.2 | 61.5 | 48.6 | 74.2 | 67.7 | 68.3 | 52.1 |
  Sylhet | 681 (13.8) | 66.1 | 71.9 | 72.9 | 70.0 | 63.9 | 52.7 | 80.9 | 67.7 | 64.9 | 52.4 |
Mothers empowerment | |||||||||||
 Decision making power | |||||||||||
  Low | 1930 (39.5) | 58.8 | 66.6 | 66.0 | 55.1 | 52.9 | 53.2 | 57.6 | 63.3 | 59.4 | 50.8 |
  High | 2956 (60.5) | 62.1 | 68.4 | 66.5 | 61.1 | 58.6 | 55.3 | 67.3 | 66.3 | 62.3 | 53.5 |
 Mother’s enlightenment | |||||||||||
  Low | 1885 (38.1) | 66.5 | 69.0 | 69.5 | 61.6 | 59.1 | 62.1 | 64.6 | 68.4 | 67.1 | 57.7 |
  Medium | 2354 (47.6) | 58.7 | 64.0 | 63.9 | 58.7 | 55.8 | 55.7 | 0.0 | 61.8 | 58.7 | 53.5 |
  High | 711 (14.4) | 52.7 | 61.9 | 61.5 | 46.8 | 54.8 | 50.3 | – | 60.5 | 56.2 | 49.4 |
 Wife beating | |||||||||||
  Low | 4068 (82.2) | 60.6 | 68.0 | 65.6 | 58.4 | 56.5 | 54.7 | 63.0 | 64.9 | 61.4 | 52.2 |
  High | 882 (17.8) | 61.9 | 66.9 | 69.2 | 58.7 | 55.4 | 51.8 | 68.9 | 65.4 | 59.7 | 54.2 |
 Neighbourhood socioeconomic disadvantage | |||||||||||
  Low | 1656 (33.5) | 56.2 | 68.9 | 61.4 | 56.5 | 56.1 | 54.3 | 60.8 | 61.2 | 56.8 | 50.6 |
  Medium | 1649 (33.3) | 59.8 | 62.4 | 65.6 | 57.6 | 55.6 | 55.7 | 56.9 | 60.8 | 61.1 | 55.6 |
  High | 1645 (33.2) | 66.5 | 69.4 | 68.8 | 61.7 | 58.7 | 51.0 | 68.3 | 70.4 | 66.0 | 51.0 |
Total estimates of early initiation of breastfeeding | 4950 | 60.8 | 67.8 | 66.3 | 58.4 | 56.3 | 54.4 | 64.4 | 65.0 | 61.1 | 52.3 |