Table 1 Influence of mother, infant and other breastfeeding related characteristics on EBF practice (n = 476)
Risk factors | Total | EBF | Non-EBF | X2 | dfa | P-valueb | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | n | % | n | % | Â | Â | Â | |
Maternal characteristics | |||||||||
 Age: | |||||||||
   < 35 | 380 | 79.83 | 147 | 83.52 | 233 | 77.67 | 2.36 | 1 | 0.12 |
  > = 35 | 96 | 20.17 | 29 | 16.48 | 67 | 22.33 |  |  |  |
 Ethnicity: | |||||||||
  Others | 207 | 43.49 | 80 | 45.45 | 127 | 42.33 | 0.44 | 1 | 0.51 |
  Han | 269 | 56.51 | 96 | 54.55 | 173 | 57.67 |  |  |  |
 Education level: | |||||||||
  High school or below | 166 | 34.87 | 43 | 24.43 | 123 | 41.00 | 13.41 | 1 | 0.00 |
  College or above | 310 | 65.13 | 133 | 75.57 | 177 | 59.00 |  |  |  |
 Formal employment: | |||||||||
  No | 224 | 47.06 | 73 | 41.48 | 151 | 50.33 | 3.49 | 1 | 0.06 |
  Yes | 252 | 52.94 | 103 | 58.52 | 149 | 49.67 |  |  |  |
Child characteristics | |||||||||
 Age in months: |  |  |  |  |  |  | 23.72 | 1 | 0.00 |
  0 | 62 | 13.03 | 35 | 19.89 | 27 | 9.00 |  |  |  |
  1 | 106 | 22.27 | 42 | 23.86 | 64 | 21.33 |  |  |  |
  2 | 82 | 17.23 | 39 | 22.16 | 43 | 14.33 |  |  |  |
  3 | 107 | 22.48 | 33 | 18.75 | 74 | 24.67 |  |  |  |
  4 | 64 | 13.45 | 19 | 10.80 | 45 | 15.00 |  |  |  |
  5 | 55 | 11.55 | 8 | 4.55 | 47 | 15.67 |  |  |  |
 Gender: | |||||||||
  female | 213 | 44.75 | 82 | 46.59 | 131 | 43.67 | 0.38 | 1 | 0.54 |
  male | 263 | 55.25 | 94 | 53.41 | 169 | 56.33 |  |  |  |
 Have older siblings: | |||||||||
  No | 230 | 48.32 | 87 | 49.43 | 143 | 47.67 | 0.14 | 1 | 0.71 |
  Yes | 246 | 51.68 | 89 | 50.57 | 157 | 52.33 |  |  |  |
 Premature birth: | |||||||||
  No | 432 | 90.76 | 171 | 97.16 | 261 | 87.00 | 2.90 | 1 | 0.00 |
  Yes | 44 | 9.24 | 5 | 2.84 | 39 | 13.00 |  |  |  |
 Low birthweight: | |||||||||
  No | 437 | 91.81 | 168 | 95.45 | 269 | 89.67 | 13.65 | 1 | 0.03 |
  Yes | 39 | 8.19 | 8 | 4.55 | 31 | 10.33 |  |  |  |
Health facility practice | |||||||||
 Caesarean delivery: | |||||||||
  No | 332 | 69.75 | 131 | 74.43 | 201 | 67.00 | 4.94 | 1 | 0.09 |
  Yes | 144 | 30.25 | 45 | 25.57 | 99 | 33.00 |  |  |  |
 Early initiation of breastfeeding: | |||||||||
  No | 254 | 53.36 | 70 | 39.77 | 184 | 61.33 | 20.72 | 1 | 0.00 |
  Yes | 222 | 46.64 | 106 | 60.23 | 116 | 38.67 |  |  |  |
Exposure to breastmilk substitutes | |||||||||
 Prepared for infant formula before childbirth: | |||||||||
  No | 85 | 17.86 | 48 | 27.27 | 37 | 12.33 | 16.88 | 1 | 0.00 |
  Yes | 391 | 82.14 | 128 | 72.73 | 263 | 87.67 |  |  |  |
Breastfeeding experience | |||||||||
 Any breastfeeding difficulties in postnatal period: | |||||||||
  No | 228 | 47.90 | 99 | 56.25 | 129 | 43.00 | 7.80 | 1 | 0.01 |
  Yes | 248 | 52.10 | 77 | 43.75 | 171 | 57.00 |  |  |  |
 Breastfeeding self-efficacy score: | |||||||||
   < =55 | 301 | 63.24 | 98 | 55.68 | 203 | 67.67 | 6.85 | 1 | 0.01 |
   > =56 | 175 | 36.76 | 78 | 44.32 | 97 | 32.33 |  |  |  |
Length of maternity leave: | |||||||||
 0–98 days | 261 | 54.83 | 85 | 48.30 | 176 | 58.67 | 4.82 | 1 | 0.03 |
  > 98 days | 215 | 45.17 | 91 | 51.70 | 124 | 41.33 |  |  |  |