Table 3 Multivariable hierarchical logistic regression analysis on determinants of timely initiation of breastfeeding in SSA
From: Maternal and child factors associated with timely initiation of breastfeeding in sub-Saharan Africa
Variable | Model I aOR 95% CI | Model II aOR 95% CI | Model III aOR 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|
Mother's age | |||
15–19 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
20–24 | 1.26*** (1.18,1.34) | 1.20*** (1.13,1.28) | 1.18*** (1.10,1.26) |
25–29 | 1.40*** (1.32,1.49) | 1.35*** (1.26,1.46) | 1.32*** (1.22,1.42) |
30–34 | 1.41*** (1.32,1.51) | 1.45*** (1.34,1.58) | 1.38*** (1.27,1.50) |
35–39 | 1.41*** (1.31,151) | 1.51*** (1.38,1.65) | 1.43*** (1.30,1.56) |
40–44 | 1.44*** (1.31,157) | 1.56*** (1.40,1.74) | 1.49*** (1.33,1.66) |
45–49 | 1.56*** (1.33,1.84) | 1.71*** (1.44,2.04) | 1.63*** (1.36,1.94) |
Wealth quintile | |||
Poorest | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Poorer | 0.97 (0.93,1.02) | 0.97 (0.921,1.01) | 0.99 (0.94,1.03) |
Middle | 1.01 (0.96,1.06) | 1.01 (0.96,1.06) | 1.02 (0.97,1.07) |
Richer | 1.03 (0.98,1.09) | 1.02 (0.97,1.08) | 1.02 (0.97,1.08) |
Richest | 1.19*** (1.011,1.27) | 1.17*** (1.10,1.25) | 1.13*** (1.05,1.20) |
Marital status | |||
Never married | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Married | 0.98 (0.91,1.06) | 0.96 (0.89,1.03) | 0.91* (0.85,0.98) |
Cohabiting | 0.86*** (0.79,0.93) | 0.84*** (0.78,0.91) | 0.87** (0.80,0.95) |
Widowed | 1.04 (0.87,1.25) | 1.02 (0.84,1.22) | 1.00 (0.83,1.20) |
Divorced | 0.94 (0.85,1.05) | 0.92 (0.83,1.02) | 0.90* (0.81,1.00) |
Mother’s education level | |||
No education | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Primary | 1.22*** (1.17,1.27) | 1.21*** (1.16,1.26) | 1.21*** (1.16,1.26) |
Secondary+ | 1.03 (0.97,1.08) | 1.02 (0.96–1.07) | 1.03 (0.98,1.09) |
Employment status | |||
Not working | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Working | 0.85*** (0.82,0.88) | 0.85*** (0.82,0.88) | 0.90*** (0.87,0.93) |
Frequency of reading newspaper | |||
Not at all | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Less than once a week | 1.14***(1.07,1.22) | 1.13*** (1.06,1.21) | 1.13*** (1.06,1.21) |
At least once a week | 1.07 (0.98,1.16) | 1.06 (0.97,1.15) | 1.09* (1.00,1.19) |
Frequency of listening to radio | |||
Not at all | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Less than once a week | 0.96 (0.92,1.01) | 0.96 (0.92,1.01) | 0.93** (0.88,0.97) |
At least once a week | 1.07*** (1.02,1.11) | 1.06** (1.02,1.10) | 1.03 (0.99,1.07) |
Frequency of watching to television | |||
Not at all | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Less than once a week | 0.81*** (0.77,0.87) | 0.82*** (0.78,0.87) | 0.82*** (0.77,0.86) |
At least once a week | 0.71*** (0.67,0.75) | 0.70*** (0.67,0.74) | 0.74*** (0.70,0.78) |
Number of ANC visits | |||
0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
1–3 | 1.13*** (1.07,1.20) | 1.12*** (1.05,1.19) | 1.10** (1.03,1.17) |
4+ | 1.15*** (1.08,1.22) | 1.13*** (1.07,1.20) | 1.11** (1.03,1.17) |
Place of delivery | |||
Home | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Health facility | 1.32*** (1.24,1.39 | 1.29*** (1.22,1.37) | 1.41*** (1.33,1.50) |
Assisted by a health worker during delivery | |||
No | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 1.39*** (1.32,1.47) | 1.41*** (1.34,1.49) | 1.26*** (1.19,1.33) |
Type of delivery | |||
Vaginal birth | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Cesarean section | 0.31*** (0.28,0.33) | 0.31*** (0.29,0.34) | 0.30*** (0.27,0.32) |
Size of child at birth | |||
Larger than average | 1 | 1 | |
Average | 1.20*** (1.15,1.24) | 1.19*** (1.15,1.24) | |
Smaller than average | 0.97 (0.92,1.02) | 0.94* (0.90,0.99) | |
Birth order | |||
1st | 1 | 1 | |
2–4 | 1.13*** (1.07,1.19) | 1.15*** (1.09,1.21) | |
5+ | 0.93* (0.87,1.00) | 0.97 (0.90,1.04) | |
Twin status | |||
Single birth | 1 | 1 | |
Multiple birth | 0.65*** (0.57,0.74) | 0.67*** (0.59,0.76) | |
Sub Region | |||
West Africa | 1 | ||
East Africa | 1.71*** (1.64,1.78) | ||
Central Africa | 0.80*** (0.75,0.84) | ||
Southern African | 2.13*** (1.97,2.31) | ||
N | 60,038 | 60,038 | 60,038 |
Pseudo R2 | 0.027 | 0.030 | 0.046 |