Is maternal cigarette or water pipe use associated with stopping breastfeeding? Evidence from the Jordan population and family health surveys 2012 and 2017–18

Can Özalp, Esra; Yalçın, S. Songül

doi:10.1186/s13006-021-00387-z

International Breastfeeding Journal

Table 1 Individual background characteristics of included children from the Jordan Population and Family Health Surveys of 2012 and 2017–18

From: Is maternal cigarette or water pipe use associated with stopping breastfeeding? Evidence from the Jordan population and family health surveys 2012 and 2017–18

		Unweighted count	Unweighted %	Weighted count	Weighted %
Total		6726		6130
Survey year	2012	3305	49.1	3108	50.7
Survey year	2017–18	3421	50.9	3023	49.3
Maternal tobacco (water pipe, cigarette) smoking	Neither	6161	91.6	5430	88.6
	Water pipe	233	3.5	332	5.4
	Cigarette	230	3.4	272	4.4
	Both	102	1.5	96	1.6
Maternal tobacco (water pipe and cigarette) smoking	Neither	6161	91.6	5430	88.6
Maternal tobacco (water pipe and cigarette) smoking	Both or either	565	8.4	700	11.4
Region	Central	2248	33.4	3595	58.6
	North	2641	39.3	1954	31.9
	South	1837	27.3	581	9.5
Place of residence	Urban	4969	73.9	5154	84.1
Place of residence	Rural	1757	26.1	976	15.9
Wealth index	Poorest	2121	31.5	1456	23.8
	Poorer	1785	26.5	1415	23.1
	Middle	1470	21.9	1384	22.6
	Richer	949	14.1	1118	18.2
	Richest	401	6.0	757	12.4
Maternal age, years	< 20	229	3.4	246	4
	20–29	3250	48.3	2974	48.5
	30–39	2795	41.6	2497	40.7
	≥ 40	452	6.7	414	6.8
Mother’s highest educational level	No education	167	2.5	99	1.6
	Primary	444	6.6	329	5.4
	Secondary	3608	53.6	3446	56.2
	Higher	2507	37.3	2255	36.8
Mother’s working status	Housewife	5767	85.7	5350	87.3
Mother’s working status	Employed	959	14.3	781	12.7
Wanted last child	Wanted then	5326	79.2	4809	78.5
	Wanted later	893	13.3	819	13.4
	Wanted no more	507	7.5	502	8.2
*Infant characteristics*
Birth order	1	1333	19.8	1318	21.5
	2–3	2711	40.3	2485	40.5
	≥ 4	2682	39.9	2327	38
Preceding birth interval, months	First pregnancy	1333	19.8	1318	21.5
	< 24	1518	22.6	1329	21.7
	24–47	2350	34.9	2068	33.7
	≥48	1525	22.7	1416	23.1
Antenatal care, number of consultations	< 4	418	6.2	377	6.1
	4–7	1634	24.3	1341	21.9
	≥ 8	4651	69.1	4395	71.7
Delivery place	Home	42	0.6	58	0.9
	Public	5060	75.2	3990	65.1
	Private	1613	24	2070	33.8
Delivery type	Vaginal	4762	70.8	4383	71.5
	Cesarean	1784	26.5	1642	26.8
	Not specified	180	2.7	105	1.7
Birth size	Larger than average	952	14.2	951	15.5
	Average	4774	71	4240	69.2
	Smaller than average	985	14.6	929	15.2
Birthweight, g	< 2500	1269	18.9	1089	17.8
Birthweight, g	≥ 2500	5275	78.4	4892	79.8
Infant age, months	< 6	1918	28.5	1779	29
	6–11	1754	26.1	1559	25.4
	12–17	1472	21.9	1311	21.4
	18–24	1582	23.5	1481	24.2
Infant sex	Male	3477	51.7	3265	53.3
Infant sex	Female	3249	48.3	2865	46.7
Prelacteal feeding	given something	3592	53.4	3372	55
Prelacteal feeding	given nothing	3134	46.6	2758	45
Early initiation of breastfeeding	Within 1 h	3212	47.8	2854	46.6
Early initiation of breastfeeding	Later	3514	52.2	3276	53.4
Bottle feeding	No	3029	45.0	2693	43.9
Bottle feeding	Yes	3694	54.9	3435	56
Current breastfeeding	No	2903	43.2	2643	43.1
Current breastfeeding	Yes	3823	56.8	3487	56.9

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