Table 5 Adjusted associations between maternal experience of intimate partner violence (IPV) and cessation of breastfeeding
Cessation of Breastfeeding Prior to One Year | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Forms of IPV | Malawi (n = 335) | Tanzania (n = 553) | Zambia (n = 666) |
Physical – ever | – | – | – |
Emotional – ever | – | 1.89 (0.94,3.77) | – |
Sexual – ever | – | – | – |
Controlling Behaviors – ever | – | – | – |
Frequency of IPV | |||
Physical | |||
Never | – | – | – |
Yes but not in last 12 months | – | – | – |
Often or sometimes | – | – | – |
Emotional | |||
Never | – | 1 | – |
Yes but not in last 12 months | – | 0.70 (0.14,3.55) | – |
Often or sometimes | – | 2.23 (1.09,4.57)* | – |
Sexual | |||
Never | – | – | – |
Yes but not in last 12 months | – | – | – |
Often or sometimes | – | – | – |