Table 3 Adjusted associations between maternal experience of intimate partner violence (IPV) and delayed initiation of breastfeeding

 Physical – ever

–

1.44 (1.24,1.69)****

1.13 (0.98,1.30)

 Emotional – ever

1.37 (1.05,1.80)*

1.43 (1.22,1.68)****

1.16 (0.99,1.02)

 Sexual – ever

1.55 (1.14,2.10)**

1.30 (1.04,1.62)*

1.28 (1.06,1.54)*

 Controlling Behaviors – ever

–

–

1.28 (1.07,1.53)**

  Never

–

1

1

  Yes but not in last 12 months

–

1.38 (1.16,1.65)***

1.11 (0.96,1.37)

  Often or sometimes

–

1.55 (1.23,1.97)***

1.14 (0.91,1.34)

  Never

1

1

1

  Yes but not in last 12 months

1.56 (0.90,2.68)

1.43 (1.20,1.69)***

1.35 (0.98,1.33)

  Often or sometimes

1.34 (0.99,1.79)

1.45 (1.08,1.95)*

1.10 (0.92,1.84)

   Never

1

–

1

  Yes but not in last 12 months

1.83 (0.98,3.42)

–

1.55 (1.06,2.27)*

  Often or sometimes

1.49 (1.08,2.06)*

1.22 (1.01,1.49)*