Table 2 Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio of factors associated with breastfeeding initiation beyond the first hour of birth
Characteristics | Unadjusted OR | P - value | aOR (95% CI)a | P - value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal characteristics | ||||
 Mother’s age | ||||
  15–19 | 1.00 | 0.34 | – |  |
  20–29 | 0.74 (0.53, 1.05) |  |  | |
  30–39 | 0.90 (0.55, 1.46) |  |  | |
  40–49 | 1.42 (0.30, 6.63) |  |  | |
 Religion |  |  | – |  |
  Islam | 1.00 | 0.88 |  |  |
  Other | 1.03 (0.66, 1.62) |  |  | |
 Mother’s education |  |  | – |  |
  Higher | 1.00 | 0.60 |  |  |
  Secondary | 0.98 (0.70, 1.36) |  |  | |
  Primary | 0.75 (0.47, 1.22) |  |  | |
  No Education | 0.76 (0.40, 1.42) |  |  | |
 Mother’s involvement in income-generating activity |  |  | – |  |
  Employed | 1.00 | 0.67 |  |  |
  Not employed | 1.10 (0.70, 1.74) |  |  | |
 Parity | ||||
  Primiparous | 1.00 | 0.06 |  |  |
  Multiparous | 0.78 (0.61, 1.01) | 0.71 (0.53, 0.96) | 0.02 | |
 The person who takes the mother’s healthcare-related decisions |  |  | – |  |
  Woman alone | 1.00 | 0.40 |  |  |
  Joint Decision | 1.33 (0.87, 2.03) |  |  | |
  Someone else (husband/partner/family) | 1.21 (0.77, 1.91) |  |  | |
  Body Mass Index | 1.05 (1.01, 1.08) | 0.02 | 1.05 (1.01, 1.11) | 0.02 |
 Exposure to mass media | ||||
  At least once a week | 1.00 | 0.50 |  |  |
  Less than once a week or not at all | 1.11 (0.83, 1.48) | 1.53 (1.07, 2.19) | 0.02 | |
 Use of mobile phone to get health service or advice |  |  | – |  |
  Yes | 1.00 | 0.01 |  |  |
  No | 0.62 (0.45, 0.86) |  |  | |
Health service characteristics | ||||
 Number of ANC visits |  |  | – |  |
  4+ ANC | 1.00 | 0.26 |  |  |
  1–3 ANC | 0.77 (0.55, 1.06) |  |  | |
  No ANC | 0.82 (0.45, 1.51) |  |  | |
 ANC Provider |  |  | – |  |
  Medically Trained | 1.00 | 0.65 |  |  |
  Medically not-trained | 1.11 (0.70, 1.77) |  |  | |
 Mode of delivery |  |  | – |  |
  Normal | 1.00 | 0.00 |  |  |
  C-section | 2.94 (2.16, 3.99) |  |  | |
 Assistance at birth |  |  | – |  |
  Medically Trained | 1.00 | 0.01 |  |  |
  Medically not-trained | 0.34 (0.15, 0.77) |  |  | |
 Type and attendance at delivery | ||||
  NVD by a trained attendant | 1.00 | 0.00 |  |  |
  NVD by an untrained attendant | 0.59 (0.25, 1.42) | 0.50 (0.20, 1.28) | 0.00 | |
  C-section | 2.87 (2.10, 3.92) | 2.93 (2.17, 3.98) | ||
Infant characteristics | ||||
 Sex of child |  |  | – |  |
  Male | 1.00 | 0.62 |  |  |
  Female | 1.07 (0.82, 1.39) |  |  | |
 Size of the child at birth |  |  | – |  |
  Average or Larger | 1.00 | 0.35 |  |  |
  Smaller than average | 1.38 (0.89, 2.13) |  |  | |
  Very small | 0.94 (0.55, 1.60) |  |  | |
 The child put on skin-to-skin contact after delivery |  |  | – |  |
  Yes | 1.00 | 0.01 |  |  |
  No | 1.52 (1.11, 2.12) |  |  | |
Household characteristics | ||||
 Paternal education |  |  | – |  |
  Higher | 1.00 | 0.72 |  |  |
  Secondary | 0.96 (0.71, 1.30) |  |  | |
  Primary | 1.18 (0.78, 1.78) |  |  | |
  No Education | 0.83 (0.44, 1.57) |  |  | |
 Place of residence |  |  | – |  |
  Urban | 1.00 | 0.54 |  |  |
  Rural | 0.92 (0.69, 1.22) |  |  | |
 Wealth quintile |  |  | – |  |
  Lowest | 1.00 | 0.84 |  |  |
  Second | 1.07 (0.58, 1.97) |  |  | |
  Third | 0.79 (0.37, 1.67) |  |  | |
  Fourth | 0.95 (0.57, 1.59) |  |  | |
  Highest | 1.00 (0.61, 1.66) |  |  | |