Skip to main content

Table 1 Frequency distribution of mothers with children under six months old by households, mothers, child characteristics, breastfeeding experience, and knowledge, antenatal and delivery care services as well as breastfeeding self-efficacy status, The BADUTA Study in East Java, Indonesia, 2015–2016

From: Determinants of low breastfeeding self-efficacy amongst mothers of children aged less than six months: results from the BADUTA study in East Java, Indonesia

Variables

Total Sample

Breastfeeding Self-Efficacya

n

%

Low (%)

High (%)

p

Household characteristics

 Household wealth index

  Poorest

243

20.1

54.7

45.3

0.086

  Poor

281

23.2

54.5

45.5

 

  Middle

236

19.5

59.8

40.2

 

  Rich

268

22.2

61.9

38.1

 

  Richest

182

15.0

50.0

50.0

 

Maternal characteristics

 Maternal age

  ≤ 19 years

85

7.0

64.7

35.3

0.280

  20–34 years

913

75.5

56.1

43.3

 

  35+ years

212

17.5

55.2

44.8

 

 Maternal education

  University/Academy

154

12.7

44.2

55.8

0.008

  Completed senior high school

495

40.9

57.2

42.8

 

  Completed junior high school

334

27.6

60.5

39.5

 

  No school/incomplete primary/completed primary school

227

18.8

57.7

42.3

 

 Maternal occupation

  Housewife

963

79.6

54.9

45.1

0.027

  Working outside the house

247

20.4

62.8

37.2

 

 Number of children still alive

  1

534

44.1

56.6

43.4

0.993

  2

477

39.4

56.2

43.8

 

  3

156

12.9

57.1

42.9

 

  4+

43

3.6

58.1

41.9

 

 Previous live birth

  None

520

43.0

56.4

43.6

0.911

  Any

690

57.0

56.7

43.3

 

Antenatal, delivery care

 Minimum antenatal care visitsb

  Completed (4+ visits)

858

71.6

54.6

45.4

0.057

  Incomplete (< 4 visits)

340

28.4

60.6

39.4

 

 Mode of delivery

  Normal

821

67.9

55.2

44.8

0.168

  Caesarea

389

32.2

59.4

40.6

 

 Birth attendant

  General Practitioner/OBGYN

483

39.9

57.1

42.3

0.772

  Midwife/nurse

708

58.5

55.9

44.1

 

  Traditional birth attendant/family/friend

19

1.6

63.2

36.8

 

Child’s characteristics

 Sex of the child

  Male

582

48.7

56.0

44.0

0.792

  Female

613

51.3

56.8

43.2

 

 Birthweight according to monitoring card

  Larger than average

275

22.8

62.6

37.4

0.062

  Average

831

69.0

54.5

45.5

 

  Smaller than average

99

8.2

54.6

45.4

 

Breastfeeding experience and knowledge

 Ever received any advice on breastfeeding

  Yes

638

52.7

52.7

47.3

0.004

  No

572

47.3

60.8

39.2

 

 Knowledge about breastfeeding

  Highc

909

75.1

53.8

46.2

0.001

  Lowd

301

24.9

64.8

35.2

 

 Problems with breastfeeding

  None

838

69.3

50.8

49.2

< 0.001

  Not related to illness

204

16.9

76.5

23.5

 

  Related to illness/anatomical condition

137

11.3

56.9

43.1

 

  Both types of problems

30

2.5

76.7

23.3

 
  1. Note:aLow breastfeeding self-efficacy was mothers whose total self-efficacy score was less than the median value. bMinimum Antenatal Care refers to the recommendation of at least four antenatal visits, i.e., once in trimester one to three, and twice in trimester three. cHigh level of knowledge was mothers whose total knowledge score was greater than, or equal to the median knowledge score value. dLow level of knowledge was mothers whose total knowledge score was less than the median knowledge score value
Back to article page

International Breastfeeding Journal

ISSN: 1746-4358