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Table 9 Summary effect of nutritional minerals supplements on status of selenium human milk composition

From: Nutritional supplements and mother’s milk composition: a systematic review of interventional studies

First author surname, citation number

Type of Supplement

Characteristics of Participants

Type of study

Aim

Type of Nutrients Evaluated in Milk

Main Findings

Jadad scale points and WHO divisions

Dodge [73]

50 mg selenium daily as selenomethionine or a placebo.

Twenty-two healthy young women between the ages of 20–30 years.

Single blind clinical trial

To evaluate the effect of selenium supplementation on the concentration of breast milk fatty acids in lactating women.

selenium and activity of glutathione peroxidase (Gpx)

Selenium concentration of breast milk was significantly increased by the supplementation (P = 0.0001 and 0.003, respectively), but glutathione peroxidase activity was unchanged. The selenium supplement also significantly increased the concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids in breast milk (P = 0.02), especially linoleic acid (P = 0.02), and decreased the concentration of saturated fatty acids (P = 0.04).

3/5

WPRO (Western Pacific Regional Office)

Dylewski [74]

sodium selenate at 20 lg/day

23 lactating women who had not smoking, having no pregnancy complications, having an infant born at term (37 to 40 weeks).

Randomized clinical trial

To evaluate the impact of supplemental selenium as sodium selenate at 20 lg/day on maternal milk.

Selenium

Selenium supplementation increased milk Se from 3 (295 ± 18 nmol/L; 23 ± 7 ng/ mL) to 6 months (417 ± 39 nmol/L; 32 ± 14 ng/mL) postpartum (P ≤ 0.01)

1/5

Americas (AMRO)

Flax [75]

lipid-based nutrient supplements

(LNS) that contained 1.3 times the Recommended Dietary Allowance of sodium selenite, antiretroviral drugs (ARV), LNS and ARV, or a control.

526 HIV-infected Malawian mothers and their uninfected infants attended in the Breastfeeding, Antiretrovirals, and Nutrition study

Randomized clinical trial

To determine the effects of lipid-based nutrient supplements maternal plasma and breast-milk selenium concentrations.

Selenium concentrations

Selenite supplementation of women was not associated with a change in their plasma or breast-milk selenium concentrations.

3/5

Africa (AFRO)

Moore [76]

Two groups and given either a placebo (n = 10) as yeast or selenium-enriched yeast tablets (n = 11)

21 pregnant women between the ages of 20 and 30 years living in Xichang County, China, a rural area in this country with historically low selenium intake

a single-blind, placebo-controlled, intervention study

To evaluate the effect of selenium supplementation on plasma and milk selenium concentrations and GPX activity over time after parturition.

Selenium

The milk selenium levels were higher in supplemented women but there were no differences in the milk GPX activity between the two groups of women. The plasma a-tocopherol concentrations declined after parturition in both groups but no differences were found between the two groups of women.

3/5

WPRO (Western Pacific Regional Office)

Trafikowska [77]

200 mg Se/day in the form of yeast-Se and sodium selenate.

Sixty seven lactating healthy women with aged 19 to 39 years (mean 26.7 years).

Randomized clinical trial

To determine the effect of selenium supplementation to lactating women on milk Se concentrations.

Selenium glutathione 1eroxidise (GSH-Px)

After 1 month in both groups SE level reached a plateau at 14–16 mglL. In both Se-supplemented groups the levels increased significantly reaching a plateau of 14–16 mg/L after 1 month. The difference was significantly higher than controls in the yeast-Se group (P < 0.0001) and the selenite-Se supplemented group (P < 0.01).

1/5

Europe (EURO)

Trafikowska [78]

Sixteen lactating women were supplemented for 3 months with 200 pg Seday-‘in the form of SeY. The supply was started 3–4 weeks postpartum.

16 healthy lactating mothers.

Randomized clinical trial

To assess the ability of maternal supplementation with Se-enriched yeast (SeY) to influence the Se status of lactating women and infants, mother’s milk, and additionally to estimate the infant’s dietary Se intake.

Se and GSH-Px activities of red cell haemolysate.

Supplementation of lactating mothers with selenium-enriched yeast increases rapidly and significantly the Se concentration and glutathione 2eroxidise activity in maternal blood components. Se concentration in milk is also significantly elevated. After 1 month the mean Se intakes by breastfed infants were greater than the recommended dietary allowance of 10 pg day-‘for infants from birth to 6 months of age.

1/5

Europe (EURO)