From: Nutritional supplements and mother’s milk composition: a systematic review of interventional studies
First author surname, citation number | Type of Supplement | Characteristics of Participants | Type of study | Aim | Type of Nutrients Evaluated in Milk | Main Findings | Jadad scale points and WHO divisions |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chierici [71] | 20 mg zinc sulfate, 2 mg copper sulfate and 116 mg potassium iodide. | 32 non-smokers, non-vegetarian, with normal weight gain during pregnancy mothers. | Randomized controlled trial | To determine the effect of dietary zinc, copper and iodine supplements on the milk concentration. | Mineral content of zinc, copper and iodine | The milk zinc concentration declined significantly over the study period for all lactating subjects. There was no significant difference in the rate of decline between the women who started supplementation during lactation and those who were not supplemented. | 1/5 Europe (EURO) |
Krebs [15] | 15 mg of zinc (as ZnSO47H2O). | 39 women who did not receive a zinc supplement and 14 women who received daily zinc supplement. | Randomized controlled trial | To calculate dietary zinc intakes, evaluate maternal zinc nutritional status, and determine zinc concentrations in milk. | Zinc | The rate of decline in milk zinc during lactation was significantly less for the supplemented group compared to that of the control group (p = 0.02). It is concluded that milk zinc concentrations are influenced by maternal zinc intake. | 2/5 Americas (AMRO) |
Shaaban [72] | 10 mg/d of Zn sulfate capsules. | 60 primiparous lactating mothers. | Randomized controlled trial | To determine effect of maternal Zn supplementation on maternal and infant Zn stores. | Zinc | Zn supplementation caused significantly higher maternal hair, nail, and breast milk Zn levels. In conclusion, Zn supplementation for lactating women positively influenced breast milk Zn concentrations and maternal body stores although it had no significant influence on the infants’ physical growth. | 2/5 Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO) |