Table 3 Univariate relationships between infant feeding mode (0 = any breastfeeding vs. 1 = no breastfeeding) and potential factors by country and for the overall sample (N = 2047)
Any breastfeeding (reference group) | Australia (n = 641) OR (95%CI) | Ireland (n = 568) OR (95%CI) | UK (n = 838) OR (95%CI) | Total sample OR (95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal age | 0.96 (0.90, 1.02) | 0.94 (0.90, 0.99) | 0.91 (0.87, 0.95) | 0.95 (0.92, 0.97) |
First child (no)a | 1.23 (0.75, 2.03) | 1.12 (0.78, 1.61) | 1.31 (0.97, 1.79) | 1.16 (0.94, 1.427) |
Income (fourth to highest quintile) | 1.50 (0.91, 2.46) | 1.75 (1.19, 2.56) | 2.28 (1.64, 3.176) | 1.88 (1.52, 2.33) |
Education level (university) | 2.47 (1.52, 4.05) | 2.85 (1.92, 4.23) | 2.604 (1.90, 3.57) | 2.36 (1.91, 2.92) |
Religiousness (yes) | 1.17 (0.68, 2.00) | 2.86 (1.876, 4.348) | 1.099 (0.80, 1.52) | 1.19 (0.96, 1.47) |
Urbanisation (city) | 1.03 (0.63, 1.68) | 1.37 (0.90, 2.07) | 2.076 (1.41, 3.07) | 1.86 (1.47, 2.35) |
Delivery (vaginal) | 2.37 (1.44, 3.91) | 1.305 (0.88, 1.93) | 1.237 (0.89, 1.73) | 1.39 (1.11, 1.73) |
Feeding intention (breastfeed) | 11.55 (6.16, 21.68) | 14.63 (8.96, 23.89) | 7.947 (5.46, 11.56) | 11.41 (8.75, 14.87) |
Feeding knowledge (correct) | 2.36 (1.417, 3.91) | 2.56 (1.75, 3.76) | 2.086 (1.51, 2.89) | 1.94 (1.57, 2.40) |
Feeding attitudes mean | 0.12 (0.08, 0.19) | 0.12 (0.09, 0.18) | 0.126 (0.09, 0.17) | 0.13 (0.12, 0.16) |
First food after birth (breastmilk) | 15.05 (7.68, 29.49) | 26.78 (13.65, 52.53) | 14.487 (8.49, 24.71) | 17.68 (12.56, 24.87) |
Skin to skin contact after birth (yes) | 1.60 (0.94, 2.72) | 2.17 (1.47, 3.20) | 1.69 (1.22, 2.34) | 1.85 (1.48, 2.31) |
Breastfeeding encouragement by professional (≤30mins) | 2.26 (1.37, 3.72) | 2.74 (1.89, 3.98) | 2.14 (1.58, 2.92) | 2.47 (2.00, 3.05) |
Mum fed as baby (breastmilk) | 3.24 (1.92, 5.46) | 3.23 (1.95, 5.34) | 2.515 (1.80, 3.53) | 3.23 (2.54, 4.11) |
Had enough info after birth about breastfeeding (yes) | 2.12 (1.09, 4.11) | 1.53 (0.97, 2.41) | 0.98 (0.67, 1.45) | 1.44 (1.10, 1.88) |
Had enough info after birth about formula feeding (yes) | 0.63 (0.376, 1.065) | 1.17 (0.76, 1.80) | 1.02 (0.75, 1.39) | 0.86 (0.69, 1.08) |
Support—friends & family | 0.98 (0.95, 1.01) | 0.95 (0.93, 0.98) | 0.98 (0.96, 1.00) | 0.97 (0.95, 0.98) |
Support—health professionals & groups | 0.93 (0.90, 0.96) | 0.94 (0.92, 0.96) | 0.94 (0.92, 0.96) | 0.93 (0.92, 0.94) |
Support—technology | 0.88 (0.83, 0.93) | 0.88 (0.85, 0.92) | 0.92 (0.89, 0.95) | 0.90 (0.88, 0.92) |
Country (Australia vs. Ireland) | NA | NA | NA | 3.21 (2.37, 4.35) |
Country (Australia vs. UK) | NA | NA | NA | 3.01 (2.26, 4.02) |