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Table 2 Infant feeding practices by maternal age, healthcare unit, type of birth and place of residence (n = 542)a

From: Barriers and facilitators to breastfeeding during the immediate and one month postpartum periods, among Mexican women: a mixed methods approach

 

Healthcare unit

Maternal age

Type of birth

Place of residence

Total

Hospital data and infant feeding practices

Public

(n = 476)

Private

(n = 67)

P value

Adolescents

(n = 123)

Adults

(n = 420)

P value

Vaginal

(n = 283)

Cesarean

(n = 260)

P value

Urban

(n = 347)

Rural

(n = 196)

P value

 

Birthweight (kg)

(mean ± SD)

3.17 ± 0.38

3.13 ± 0.32

0.43

3.10 ± 0.36

3.18 ± 0.38

0.04

3.14 ± 0.38

3.19 ± 0.37

0.12

3.17 ± 0.39

3.15 ± 0.39

0.69

3.16 ± 0.39

Gestational age (38–40 wks)

89.08

92.54

0.63

91.87

88.81

0.33

90.11

88.85

0.89

88.18

91.84

0.33

89.50

Knowledge of breastfeeding support groups (yes)

14.95

14.93

0.99

8.13

16.95

0.01

16.25

13.51

0.37

17.34

10.71

0.03

14.94

Attended breastfeeding support group (yes)

63.38

80.00

0.30

60.00

66.20

0.70

60.87

71.43

0.32

65.00

66.67

0.89

65.43

Health personnel advising on breastfeeding

Doctor

42.62

50.00

0.23

63.64

39.29

0.31

50.00

35.48

0.48

47.62

36.00

0.06

43.28

Nurse

39.34

16.67

 

36.36

37.50

 

27.78

48.39

 

26.19

56.00

 

37.31

Health promoter or assistant

6.56

0

 

0

7.14

 

8.33

3.23

 

7.14

4.00

 

5.97

Other (nutritionist, social worker, midwife, psychologist or a combination of them)

9.84

16.67

 

0

12.50

 

11.11

9.68

 

16.67

0

 

10.45

Doesn’t know

1.64

16.67

 

0

3.57

 

2.78

3.23

 

2.38

4.00

 

2.99

Timely initiation of breastfeeding

(<  60 min)

52.21

29.85

0.004

58.54

46.78

0.05

62.19

35.52

0.0001

41.91

62.76

0.0001

49.45

Rooming-in (Yes)

96.21

97.01

0.74

93.50

97.14

0.06

96.11

96.53

0.79

97.98

93.37

0.006

96.31

Baby was given formula in the hospital (Yes)

33.89

40.30

0.30

30.08

36.04

0.22

28.27

41.70

0.001

45.95

14.80

0.0001

34.69

Mother had breastfed her baby at least once at the time of discharge from the hospital (Yes)

96.08

84.75

0.0001

93.81

95.00

0.61

95.75

93.59

0.28

93.35

97.18

0.06

94.73

Breastfeeding since mother left the hospital, to one-month postpartum (Yes)

99.08

96.61

0.10

100.00

98.42

0.17

98.46

99.15

0.48

98.10

100.00

0.06

98.78

EBF at one month postpartum

48.03

21.05

< 0.01

24.78

50.93

< 0.01

46.48

43.10

0.45

36.98

58.76

0.0001

44.88

 

(n = 166)

(n = 36)

 

(n = 57)

(n = 145)

 

(n = 91)

(n = 109)

 

(n = 151)

(n = 51)

 

(n = 201)

Infant formula feeding at one month postpartum

44.35

74.47

0.0001

66.67

42.99

0.0001

43.33

52.15

0.07

56.60

32.47

0.0001

47.73

Information on breastfeeding during pregnancy (Scale: 0–10)

6.18 ± 3.30

5.00 ± 3.39

0.006

5.02 ± 3.17

6.33 ± 3.32

0.0001

6.08 ± 3.24

5.98 ± 3.43

0.74

6.06 ± 3.26

5.99 ± 3.45

0.82

6.03 ± 3.33

Techniques for breastfeeding initiation

55.30

42.30

0.06

46.34

57.04

0.03

52.90

54.40

0.74

56.07

52.04

0.36

54.61

Techniques for breastfeeding maintenance

43.50

22.00

0.002

25.20

44.87

0.0001

42.40

39.30

0.47

40.46

40.31

0.97

40.41

Support to maintain breastfeeding at one month postpartum

             

Health providers

17.92

21.74

0.66

16.67

18.92

0.05

16.13

20.39

0.27

9.80

21.38

0.38

18.37

Partner or spouse

11.56

4.35

 

0

14.19

 

10.75

10.68

 

13.73

9.66

 

10.71

Mothers /mothers in law of participants

48.55

43.48

 

58.33

44.59

 

54.84

41.75

 

50.98

46.90

 

47.96

Family/friends

20.81

30.43

 

25.00

20.95

 

18.28

25.24

 

23.53

21.38

 

21.94

Otherb

1.16

0

 

0

1.35

 

0

1.94

 

1.96

0.69

 

1.02

  1. aProportions or means ± SD are presented as indicated
  2. bOther, such as, support group on Facebook and a combination of health providers, family and friends
  3. Abbreviations: EBF Exclusive breastfeeding