Table 1 Main characteristics of participants in the study
From: Factors associated with duration of breastfeeding in Spain: a cohort study
Variable | Category | All participants (N = 969) | Participants with exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge (N = 520) | Participants without exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge (N = 449) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal age | Mean ± sd | 33.7 ± 5.2 | 33.7 ± 5.0 | 33.6 ± 3.9 | 0.76* |
Maternal educational level | Primary studies | 215 (22.7) | 91 (17.6) | 124 (27.6) | < 0.001** |
Secondary studies | 112 (11.8) | 60 (11.6) | 53 (11.8) | ||
Foundation degree | 272 (28.7) | 147 (28.4) | 134 (29.8) | ||
University studies | 350 (36.9) | 220 (42.5) | 138 (30.7) | ||
Maternal occupation | Working | 660 (69.6) | 368 (71.0) | 303 (67.5) | 0.64** |
Unemployed | 163 (17.2) | 84 (16.2) | 85 (18.9) | ||
Inactive | 116 (12.2) | 61 (11.8) | 56 (12.5) | ||
Student | 10 (1.1) | 5 (1.0) | 5 (1.1) | ||
Smoking in pregnancy | No | 830 (87.5) | 467 (90.2) | 378 (84.2) | 0.005** |
Yes | 119 (12.5) | 51 (9.8) | 71 (15.8) | ||
Pregnancy duration | ≥ 37 weeks | 897 (94.5) | 501 (96.7) | 408 (90.9) | 0.001** |
34–36 weeks | 36 (3.8) | 11 (2.1) | 28 (6.2) | ||
< 34 weeks | 16 (1.7) | 6 (1.2) | 13 (2.9) | ||
Type of delivery | Vaginal (non-instrumental) | 653 (67.4) | 391 (75.2) | 262 (58.4) | < 0.001** |
Instrumental | 80 (8.3) | 43 (8.3) | 37 (12.9) | ||
Cesarean rate | 236 (24.4) | 86 (16.5) | 150 (33.4) | ||
Newborn gender | Male | 490 (50.6) | 255 (49.0) | 235 (52.3) | 0.31** |
Female | 479 (49.4) | 265 (51.0) | 214 (47.7) | ||
Twin pregnancy | No | 929 (95.9) | 516 (99.2) | 413 (92.0) | < 0.001** |
Yes | 40 (4.1) | 4 (0.8) | 36 (8.0) | ||
Newborn weight | < 2500 | 83 (8.6) | 23 (4.4) | 60 (13.4) | < 0.001** |
2500–4000 g | 808 (93.4) | 463 (89.0) | 345 (76.8) | ||
> 4000 g | 78 (8.1) | 34 (6.5) | 44 (9.8) | ||
Breastfeeding duration | Mean ± sd | 5.9 ± 5.2 | 7.8 ± 4.6 | 3.9 ± 4.9 | < 0.001* |
Yes | 520 (53.7) | 520 (100.0) | – | ||
Attendance to child care | No | 763 (78.7) | 398 (76.5) | 365 (81.3) | 0.09** |
Yes | 132 (13.6) | 74 (14.2) | 58 (12.9) | ||
Unknown | 74 (7.6) | 48 (9.2) | 26 (5.8) |