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Table 3 Association of sociodemographic factors and EBF practices at 4–8 weeks

From: Psychosocial barriers and enablers of exclusive breastfeeding: lived experiences of mothers in low-income townships, North West Province, South Africa

Variable

EBFa (n)%#

Non-EBF (n)%

p value*

Maternal age < 30 years

8 (61.5)

31 (52.5)

0.556

Maternal age ≥ 30 years

5 (38.5)

28 (47.5)

 

Parity ≤2

18 (32.0)

41 (38.5)

0.985

Parity ≥3

36 (68.0)

64 (61.5)

 

Education ≤ grade 12

29 (54.7)

54 (51.0)

0.383

Education > grade 12

23 (47.3)

52 (49.0)

 

In a relationship

Not in a relationship

46 (86.8)

7 (13.2)

94 (90.4)

11 (9.6)

0.724

Employed

14 (26.4)

28 (26.0)

0.951

Unemployed

40 (73.6)

77 (74.0)

 

Household income < R3000

38 (69.8)

72 (69.2)

0.441

Household income ≥ R3000

16 (30.2)

33 (30.8)

 

Receiving mHealth messages

32 (58.9)

57 (54.8)

0.660

Not receiving mHealth messages

23 (41.5)

47 (45.2)

 

EPDS < 10

8 (61.5)

34 (61.8)

0.487

EPDS ≥10

5 (38.5)

21 (38.2)

 

BSES < 55:

10 (0.07)

32 (23.0)

0.971

BSES ≥55:

17 (0.12)

80 (57.5)

 
  1. aEBF = Exclusive Breastfeeding defined as Breastmilk + ORS + prescribed meds only (NDOH, 2013, 2018)
  2. Non-EBF = Not exclusively breastfeeding and includes breastmilk with non-prescribed medicines and/or water, and/or formula, and/or food
  3. EPDS Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Score
  4. BSES Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Score
  5. *No significant differences were found for any variables between EBF = Exclusive Breastfeeding; and non-EBF. #Numbers may vary due to missing data for some variables