Patterns and predictors of exclusive breastfeeding in Chinese Australian mothers: a cross sectional study

Table 4 Predictors of the introduction of formula by 1 month of age^a

Factors	Univariable analysis^b		Multivariable analysis
Factors	OR	(95% CI)	aOR	(95%CI)
Psychological factors
Feeding intention at birth
EBF only	1		1
Mix feed with formula	4.85***	2.89, 8.17	4.21***	2.22, 7.97
Awareness of EBF recommendation
6 months	1		1
Others (don’t know and ≠6 months)	1.66*	1.04, 2.67	1.38	0.74, 2.57
BAPT
Negative breastfeeding sentiment score	1.00**	1.00, 1.01	1.001	0.998, 1.004
Breastfeeding control score	0.94***	0.91, 0.96	0.94**	0.91, 0.97
Family subjective norm score	0.98*	0.97, 1.00	0.99	0.98, 1.01
Health professionals subjective norm score	0.99	0.98, 1.00	0.99	0.97, 1.01
Cultural factors
Language preference
Predominantly Chinese	1		1
Bilingual	0.77	0.45, 1.30	0.90	0.44, 1.86
Predominantly English	0.44	0.18, 1.04	0.46	0.13, 1.63
Socio-demographic factors
Employment
Full time	1		1
Part time	0.48*	0.25, 0.94	0.58	0.25, 1.29
Not working or studying	0.45*	0.24, 0.87	0.37**	0.15, 0.89
Family Income^c
High ($80,000 and over)	1		1
Middle ($50,000 - $79,999)	1.71	0.87, 3.36	1.94	0.83, 4.54
Low (<$50,000)	2.35*	1.11, 4.94	3.18**	1.24, 8.15
Chose not to answer	1.06	0.55, 2.04	1.48	0.64, 3.43
Length of residence in Australia	0.97	0.94, 1.00	0.99	0.95, 1.04
Maternal health and obstetrics factors
Mode of birth
Vaginal	1		1
Caesarean	1.78*	1.03-, .08	1.50	0.74, 3.05
Pre-pregnancy body mass index	1.11*	1.02, 1.21	1.09	0.98, 1.20

Abbreviations: CI Confidence interval, OR Odds ratio, aOR Adjusted odds ratio, EBF Exclusive breastfeeding
* p < 0.05
**p < 0.01
***p < 0.001
^a Sample size varied were between 262 and 289 due to missing data
^b Variables with p value greater than 0.1 in univariable analysis were excluded in the multivariable analyses. These variable were: intention of ‘any breastfeeding’ duration, awareness of timing to introduce solid foods, maternal age, marital status, SEIFA, education level, parity, diabetes status, postnatal depression, child’s gender and birthweight, practised traditional postnatal care, importance of traditional postnatal care, co-residence with grandparents
^c All figures are in Australian dollars

ISSN: 1746-4358