Table 1 Participant characteristics (N = 289a)
Characteristics | No (%) |
|---|---|
Socio-demographic factors | |
Maternal Age (years) mean (SDb) range | 34 (4.0) 23–45 |
Socioeconomic Indexes for Areas | |
 Greatest disadvantage (1st - 2nd quintile) | 50 (19.5) |
 Moderate disadvantage (3rd - 4th quintile) | 98 (38.1) |
 Least disadvantage (5th quintile) | 109 (42.4) |
Marital Status | |
 Married | 241 (92.0) |
 Not married | 21 (8.0) |
Education | |
 < tertiary | 40 (15.3) |
 Tertiary | 222 (84.7) |
Employment | |
 Full time | 65 (24.8) |
 Part time | 92 (35.1) |
 Not working or studying | 105 (40.1) |
Child’s age (months) when mothers returned to work | |
 Mean (SD) range | 10 .0 (5.2) 1–34 |
Family Incomec | |
 Low (<$50,000) | 43 (16.4) |
 Middle ($50,000 - $79,999) | 51 (19.5) |
 High (>$80,000) | 117 (44.7) |
 Chose not to answer | 51 (19.5) |
Maternal Birth Region | |
 Mainland China | 123 (46.8) |
 Hong Kong | 53 (20.2) |
 Taiwan | 63 (24.0) |
 Australia | 12 (4.6) |
 Other (Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam) | 12 (4.6) |
Length of residence in Australia | |
 Median (IQR) years | 10 (6–15) |
Co-resided with grandparents during the first 12 months of life | |
 Yes | 189 (71.6) |
 No | 75 (28.4) |
Maternal and obstetric factors | |
Parity | |
  Primipara | 126 (48.3) |
  Multipara | 135 (51.7) |
Smoking during pregnancy | |
  Yes | 7 (2.7) |
  No | 255 (97.3) |
Pre pregnancy body mass index (kg/m2) | |
  Underweight (< 18.5) | 39 (13.5) |
  Healthy (18.5–23) | 167 (57.8) |
  Overweight/Obese (≥24) | 83 (28.7) |
Diabetes status | |
  Pre-existing diabetes | 7 (2.7) |
  Gestational diabetes | 63 (24.1) |
  No | 192 (73.2) |
Post-natal Depression | |
  Yes | 26 (9.9) |
  No | 186 (71.0) |
  Unsure | 50 (19.1) |
Mode of birth | |
  Vaginal | 214 (74.1) |
  Caesarean section | 75 (25.9) |
Child factors | |
Child’s age (years) mean (SD) range | 2.0 (0.7) 1.0–3.9 |
Child’s gender | |
 Male | 136 (47.1) |
 Female | 153 (52.9) |
Child’s birth weight (kg) mean (SD) range | 3.3 (0.5) 2.0–5.0 |